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Chapter 20
1
am 3103, bc 901
Benhadad 1Kgs 15:18, 1Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 8:7-10; 2Chr 16:2-4; Jer 49:27; Amos 1:4
Thirty and two 1Kgs 20:16, 1Kgs 20:24; Gen 14:1-5; Judg 1:7; Ezra 7:12; Isa 10:8; Ezek 26:7; Dan 2:37
and horses Exod 14:7; Deut 20:1; Judg 4:3; 1Sam 13:5; Isa 37:24
besieged Lev 26:25; Deut 28:52; 2Kgs 6:24-29, 2Kgs 17:5-6
2
2Kgs 19:9; Isa 36:2-22, Isa 37:9-10
3
Exod 15:9; Isa 10:13-14
4
I am thine Lev 26:36; Deut 28:48; Judg 15:11-13; 1Sam 13:6-7; 2Kgs 18:14-16
6
and they shall search 1Sam 13:19-21; 2Sam 24:14; 2Kgs 18:31-32
pleasant Heb. desirable, Gen 27:15; Ezra 8:27; Isa 44:9; Jer 25:34; Lam 1:7, Lam 1:10; Hos 13:15; Joel 3:5 *marg.
7
all the elders 1Kgs 8:1; 2Kgs 5:7; 1Chr 13:1, 1Chr 28:1; Prov 11:14
Mark 2Kgs 5:7
seeketh mischief Job 15:35; Ps 7:14, Ps 36:4, Ps 62:3, Ps 140:2; Prov 6:14, Prov 11:27, Prov 24:2; Dan 11:27; Rom 3:13-18
denied him not Heb. kept not back from him, 1Kgs 20:4
10
The gods 1Kgs 19:2; Acts 23:12
if the dust 2Sam 17:12-13; 2Kgs 19:23-24; Isa 10:13-14, Isa 37:24-25
follow me Heb. are at my feet, Exod 11:8 *marg. Judg 4:10
11
Let not him etc. This was no doubt a proverbial mode of expression. Jonathan renders it: "Let not him who girds himself, and goes down to battle, boast as one who has conquered and returned from it." 1Sam 14:6, 1Sam 14:12-13, 1Sam 17:44-47; Prov 27:1; Eccl 9:11; Isa 10:15-16; Matt 26:33-35, Matt 26:75
harness The word harness is an obsolete word for armour, derived from the French harnois. See note on Exod 13:18.
12
message Heb. word
drinking 1Kgs 20:16, 1Kgs 16:9; 1Sam 25:36; 2Sam 13:28; Prov 31:4-5; Dan 5:2, Dan 5:30; Luke 21:34; Eph 5:18
pavilions or, tents, That persons of regal dignity regaled themselves in this manner, we may learn from Dr. Chandler, who, when he went to visit the Aga of Suki, after his return from hawking, found him vexed and tired; and "a couch was prepared from him beneath a shed made against a cottage, and covered with green boughs to keep off the sun. He entered as we were standing by, and fell down on it to sleep, without taking any notice of us." Jer 43:10
Set yourselves in array, And they set etc. or, Place the engines, And they placed engines
13
came Heb. approached
Hast thou 2Kgs 6:8-12, 2Kgs 7:1, 2Kgs 13:23; Isa 7:1-9; Ezek 20:14, Ezek 20:22
and thou shalt 1Kgs 20:28, 1Kgs 18:37; Exod 14:18, Exod 16:12; Ps 83:18; Isa 37:20; Ezek 6:7; Joel 3:17
14
young men or, servants, Gen 14:14-16; Judg 7:16-20; 1Sam 17:50; 1Cor 1:27-29
order Heb. bind, or tie, 1Kgs 18:44
15
two hundred Judg 7:7, Judg 7:16; 1Sam 14:6; 2Chr 14:11
seven thousand 1Kgs 19:18; 1Sam 14:2; 2Kgs 13:7; Ps 106:40-43
16
Benhadad 1Kgs 20:11-12, 1Kgs 16:7; Prov 23:29-32; Eccl 10:16-17; Hos 4:11
the thirty Isa 54:15; The Syrians, the besiegers, had their directions from a drunken king, who gave orders over his cups, while he was drinking at noon. Drunkenness is a sin which is most detestable in all, but more so in a king than in a private individual, inasmuch as the greater weight a man's situation carries, whether from accumulated riches, family connections, hereditary authority, or invested command, so is the influence which his vices must have on those around him. Perhaps it may be said, from past experience, that drunkenness, which is a most heinous sin in the sight of God, may be charged on those who indulge only now and then in that which may eventually lead them into drunkenness; for they shut their eyes against the most palpable facts, and rather than give up the paltry gratification of a debauch, involve thousands by their example to positive harm. Benhadad's drunkenness was the forerunner of his fall. Belshazzar also, we read, drank wine with his princes, his wives, and his concubines, and praised the gods of gold, silver, brass, iron, wood, and stone, and in the same hour came forth the finger of a man's hand and wrote his doom on the plaster of the wall. Those who fancy themselves perfectly secure, and above the possibility of falling, are commonly nearest their destruction. There is always an Ahab read to take advantage of and improve the self-imposed imbecility.
17
1Kgs 20:14-15, 1Kgs 20:19
18
1Sam 2:3-4, 1Sam 14:11-12, 1Sam 17:44; 2Kgs 14:8-12; Prov 18:12
20
they slew 2Sam 2:16; Eccl 9:11
the Syrians Lev 26:8; Judg 7:20-22; 1Sam 14:13-15; 2Kgs 7:6-7; Ps 33:16, Ps 46:6
escaped 1Sam 30:16-17; 2Kgs 19:36
21
went out Judg 3:28, Judg 7:23-25; 1Sam 14:20-22, 1Sam 17:52; 2Kgs 3:18, 2Kgs 3:24
22
the prophet 1Kgs 20:13, 1Kgs 20:38, 1Kgs 19:10, 1Kgs 22:8; 2Kgs 6:12
strengthen 2Chr 25:8, 2Chr 25:11; Ps 27:14; Prov 18:10, Prov 20:18; Isa 8:9; Joel 3:9-10; Eph 6:10
at the return 1Kgs 20:26; 2Sam 11:1; 1Chr 20:1; Ps 115:2-3; Isa 26:11, Isa 42:8
23
Their gods It was the general belief in the heathen world, that each district had its tutelary and protecting deity, who could do nothing out of his own province. 1Kgs 20:28, 1Kgs 14:23; 1Sam 4:8; 2Kgs 19:12; 2Chr 32:13-19; Ps 50:21-22, Ps 121:1-2; Isa 42:8
24
Take the 1Kgs 20:1, 1Kgs 20:16, 1Kgs 22:31; Prov 21:30
25
thou hast lost Heb. was fallen
and surely Ps 10:3
26
Aphek Supposed to be the Aphek near the river Adonis, between Heliopolis and Biblos, and probably the same place that Paul Lucas mentions in his Voyage to the Levant. It was swallowed up by an earthquake, and formed a lake about nine miles in circumference, in which he says there were several houses still to be seen entire, under the water. 1Kgs 20:30; Josh 13:4, Josh 19:30; Judg 1:31, Aphik, 1Sam 4:1, 1Sam 29:1; 2Kgs 13:17
to fight against Israel Heb. to the war with Israel
27
were all present or, were victualled, Josh 1:11; Judg 7:8
like two Deut 32:30; Judg 6:5; 1Sam 13:5-8, 1Sam 14:2; 2Chr 32:7-8; Eccl 9:11
28
there came 1Kgs 20:13, 1Kgs 20:22, 1Kgs 13:1, 1Kgs 17:18; 2Chr 20:14-20
Because 1Kgs 20:23; Isa 37:29-37
therefore will 1Kgs 20:13; Deut 32:27; Josh 7:8-9; Job 12:16-19; Ps 58:10-11, Ps 79:10; Isa 37:29, Isa 37:35; Jer 14:7; Ezek 20:9, Ezek 20:14, Ezek 36:21-23, Ezek 36:32
ye shall know 1Kgs 20:13; Exod 6:7, Exod 7:5, Exod 8:22; Deut 29:6; Ezek 6:14, Ezek 11:12, Ezek 12:16, Ezek 36:22, Ezek 39:7
29
seven days Josh 6:15; 1Sam 17:16; Ps 10:16
an hundred thousand 2Sam 10:18; 2Chr 13:17, 2Chr 20:23-25, 2Chr 28:6; Isa 37:36
30
the rest Ps 18:25
a wall Isa 24:18; Jer 48:44; Amos 2:14-15, Amos 5:19, Amos 9:3; Luke 13:4
fled 1Kgs 20:10, 1Kgs 20:20; Dan 4:37
into an inner chamber or, from chamber to chamber, Heb. into a chamber within a chamber. 1Kgs 22:25; 2Chr 18:24
31
his servants 1Kgs 20:23; 2Kgs 5:13
merciful kings Prov 20:28; Isa 16:5; Eph 1:7-8
I pray thee Six of the citizens of Calais are reported to have acted nearly in the same manner, when they surrendered their city to Edward the Third, king of England, in 1346. See the whole story circumstantially related by Sir John Froissart (who lived in that time), with that simplicity and detail that give it every appearance of truth.
put sackcloth 1Kgs 21:27-29; Gen 37:34; 2Sam 3:31, 2Sam 14:2; 2Kgs 19:1-2; Esth 4:1-3; Isa 22:12; Isa 37:1; Jonah 3:5-6; Rev 11:3
peradventure 2Kgs 7:4; Esth 4:16; Job 2:4; Matt 10:28
32
Thy servant 1Kgs 20:3-6; Job 12:17-18, Job 40:11-12; Isa 2:11-12, Isa 10:12; Dan 5:20-23; Obad 1:3-4
he is my brother 1Kgs 20:42; 1Sam 15:8-20
33
the men Prov 25:13; Luke 16:8
and he caused 2Kgs 10:15; Acts 8:31
34
The cities 1Kgs 15:20; 2Chr 16:4
So he made a covenant One of the conditions of this covenant, we learn, was, that Ahab should have "streets (chutzoth) in Damascus;" a proposal better relished by Ahab then understood by the generality of commentators. This, however, is well illustrated by Mr. Harmer, from William of Tyre, the great historian of the Crusades; from whom it appears that it was customary to give those nations which were engaged in them, churches, streets, and great jurisdiction therein, in those places which they assisted to conquer. The Genoese and Venetians had each a street in Acon, or Acre, in which they had their own jurisdiction, with liberty to have an oven, mill, baths, weights, and measures, etc. 1Kgs 20:42, 1Kgs 22:31; 2Chr 18:30; Isa 8:12, Isa 26:10
35
of the sons 1Kgs 20:38; 1Sam 10:12; 2Kgs 2:3, 2Kgs 2:5, 2Kgs 2:7, 2Kgs 2:15, 2Kgs 4:1, 2Kgs 4:38; Amos 7:14
in the word 1Kgs 13:1-2, 1Kgs 13:17-18
Smite me 1Kgs 20:37; Isa 8:18, Isa 20:2-3; Jer 27:2-3; Ezek 4:3; Matt 16:24
36
1Kgs 13:21-24, 1Kgs 13:26; 1Sam 15:22-23
37
Smite me 1Kgs 20:35; Exod 21:12
so that etc. Heb. smiting and wounding
38
disguised 1Kgs 14:2, 1Kgs 22:30; 2Sam 14:2; Matt 6:16
39
Thy servant Judg 9:7-20; 2Sam 12:1-7, 2Sam 14:5-7; Mark 12:1-12
thy life 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 10:24
or else Exod 21:30; Job 36:18; Ps 49:7; Prov 6:35, Prov 13:8; 1Pet 1:18-19
pay Heb. weigh
40
he was gone Heb. he was not
So shall thy judgment be 2Sam 12:5-7; Job 15:6; Matt 21:41-43, Matt 25:24-27; Luke 19:22
41
the ashes away 1Kgs 20:38; 2Sam 13:19; Job 2:8; Jer 6:26
42
Because 1Kgs 20:34, 1Kgs 22:31-37; 1Sam 15:9-11
thy life shall go 1Kgs 22:31-37; 2Kgs 6:24, 2Kgs 8:12; 2Chr 18:33-34
43
went 1Kgs 21:4, 1Kgs 22:8; Esth 5:13, Esth 6:12-13; Job 5:2; Prov 19:3
1
am 3103, bc 901
Benhadad 1Kgs 15:18, 1Kgs 15:20; 2Kgs 8:7-10; 2Chr 16:2-4; Jer 49:27; Amos 1:4
Thirty and two 1Kgs 20:16, 1Kgs 20:24; Gen 14:1-5; Judg 1:7; Ezra 7:12; Isa 10:8; Ezek 26:7; Dan 2:37
and horses Exod 14:7; Deut 20:1; Judg 4:3; 1Sam 13:5; Isa 37:24
besieged Lev 26:25; Deut 28:52; 2Kgs 6:24-29, 2Kgs 17:5-6
2
2Kgs 19:9; Isa 36:2-22, Isa 37:9-10
3
Exod 15:9; Isa 10:13-14
4
I am thine Lev 26:36; Deut 28:48; Judg 15:11-13; 1Sam 13:6-7; 2Kgs 18:14-16
6
and they shall search 1Sam 13:19-21; 2Sam 24:14; 2Kgs 18:31-32
pleasant Heb. desirable, Gen 27:15; Ezra 8:27; Isa 44:9; Jer 25:34; Lam 1:7, Lam 1:10; Hos 13:15; Joel 3:5 *marg.
7
all the elders 1Kgs 8:1; 2Kgs 5:7; 1Chr 13:1, 1Chr 28:1; Prov 11:14
Mark 2Kgs 5:7
seeketh mischief Job 15:35; Ps 7:14, Ps 36:4, Ps 62:3, Ps 140:2; Prov 6:14, Prov 11:27, Prov 24:2; Dan 11:27; Rom 3:13-18
denied him not Heb. kept not back from him, 1Kgs 20:4
10
The gods 1Kgs 19:2; Acts 23:12
if the dust 2Sam 17:12-13; 2Kgs 19:23-24; Isa 10:13-14, Isa 37:24-25
follow me Heb. are at my feet, Exod 11:8 *marg. Judg 4:10
11
Let not him etc. This was no doubt a proverbial mode of expression. Jonathan renders it: "Let not him who girds himself, and goes down to battle, boast as one who has conquered and returned from it." 1Sam 14:6, 1Sam 14:12-13, 1Sam 17:44-47; Prov 27:1; Eccl 9:11; Isa 10:15-16; Matt 26:33-35, Matt 26:75
harness The word harness is an obsolete word for armour, derived from the French harnois. See note on Exod 13:18.
12
message Heb. word
drinking 1Kgs 20:16, 1Kgs 16:9; 1Sam 25:36; 2Sam 13:28; Prov 31:4-5; Dan 5:2, Dan 5:30; Luke 21:34; Eph 5:18
pavilions or, tents, That persons of regal dignity regaled themselves in this manner, we may learn from Dr. Chandler, who, when he went to visit the Aga of Suki, after his return from hawking, found him vexed and tired; and "a couch was prepared from him beneath a shed made against a cottage, and covered with green boughs to keep off the sun. He entered as we were standing by, and fell down on it to sleep, without taking any notice of us." Jer 43:10
Set yourselves in array, And they set etc. or, Place the engines, And they placed engines
13
came Heb. approached
Hast thou 2Kgs 6:8-12, 2Kgs 7:1, 2Kgs 13:23; Isa 7:1-9; Ezek 20:14, Ezek 20:22
and thou shalt 1Kgs 20:28, 1Kgs 18:37; Exod 14:18, Exod 16:12; Ps 83:18; Isa 37:20; Ezek 6:7; Joel 3:17
14
young men or, servants, Gen 14:14-16; Judg 7:16-20; 1Sam 17:50; 1Cor 1:27-29
order Heb. bind, or tie, 1Kgs 18:44
15
two hundred Judg 7:7, Judg 7:16; 1Sam 14:6; 2Chr 14:11
seven thousand 1Kgs 19:18; 1Sam 14:2; 2Kgs 13:7; Ps 106:40-43
16
Benhadad 1Kgs 20:11-12, 1Kgs 16:7; Prov 23:29-32; Eccl 10:16-17; Hos 4:11
the thirty Isa 54:15; The Syrians, the besiegers, had their directions from a drunken king, who gave orders over his cups, while he was drinking at noon. Drunkenness is a sin which is most detestable in all, but more so in a king than in a private individual, inasmuch as the greater weight a man's situation carries, whether from accumulated riches, family connections, hereditary authority, or invested command, so is the influence which his vices must have on those around him. Perhaps it may be said, from past experience, that drunkenness, which is a most heinous sin in the sight of God, may be charged on those who indulge only now and then in that which may eventually lead them into drunkenness; for they shut their eyes against the most palpable facts, and rather than give up the paltry gratification of a debauch, involve thousands by their example to positive harm. Benhadad's drunkenness was the forerunner of his fall. Belshazzar also, we read, drank wine with his princes, his wives, and his concubines, and praised the gods of gold, silver, brass, iron, wood, and stone, and in the same hour came forth the finger of a man's hand and wrote his doom on the plaster of the wall. Those who fancy themselves perfectly secure, and above the possibility of falling, are commonly nearest their destruction. There is always an Ahab read to take advantage of and improve the self-imposed imbecility.
17
1Kgs 20:14-15, 1Kgs 20:19
18
1Sam 2:3-4, 1Sam 14:11-12, 1Sam 17:44; 2Kgs 14:8-12; Prov 18:12
20
they slew 2Sam 2:16; Eccl 9:11
the Syrians Lev 26:8; Judg 7:20-22; 1Sam 14:13-15; 2Kgs 7:6-7; Ps 33:16, Ps 46:6
escaped 1Sam 30:16-17; 2Kgs 19:36
21
went out Judg 3:28, Judg 7:23-25; 1Sam 14:20-22, 1Sam 17:52; 2Kgs 3:18, 2Kgs 3:24
22
the prophet 1Kgs 20:13, 1Kgs 20:38, 1Kgs 19:10, 1Kgs 22:8; 2Kgs 6:12
strengthen 2Chr 25:8, 2Chr 25:11; Ps 27:14; Prov 18:10, Prov 20:18; Isa 8:9; Joel 3:9-10; Eph 6:10
at the return 1Kgs 20:26; 2Sam 11:1; 1Chr 20:1; Ps 115:2-3; Isa 26:11, Isa 42:8
23
Their gods It was the general belief in the heathen world, that each district had its tutelary and protecting deity, who could do nothing out of his own province. 1Kgs 20:28, 1Kgs 14:23; 1Sam 4:8; 2Kgs 19:12; 2Chr 32:13-19; Ps 50:21-22, Ps 121:1-2; Isa 42:8
24
Take the 1Kgs 20:1, 1Kgs 20:16, 1Kgs 22:31; Prov 21:30
25
thou hast lost Heb. was fallen
and surely Ps 10:3
26
Aphek Supposed to be the Aphek near the river Adonis, between Heliopolis and Biblos, and probably the same place that Paul Lucas mentions in his Voyage to the Levant. It was swallowed up by an earthquake, and formed a lake about nine miles in circumference, in which he says there were several houses still to be seen entire, under the water. 1Kgs 20:30; Josh 13:4, Josh 19:30; Judg 1:31, Aphik, 1Sam 4:1, 1Sam 29:1; 2Kgs 13:17
to fight against Israel Heb. to the war with Israel
27
were all present or, were victualled, Josh 1:11; Judg 7:8
like two Deut 32:30; Judg 6:5; 1Sam 13:5-8, 1Sam 14:2; 2Chr 32:7-8; Eccl 9:11
28
there came 1Kgs 20:13, 1Kgs 20:22, 1Kgs 13:1, 1Kgs 17:18; 2Chr 20:14-20
Because 1Kgs 20:23; Isa 37:29-37
therefore will 1Kgs 20:13; Deut 32:27; Josh 7:8-9; Job 12:16-19; Ps 58:10-11, Ps 79:10; Isa 37:29, Isa 37:35; Jer 14:7; Ezek 20:9, Ezek 20:14, Ezek 36:21-23, Ezek 36:32
ye shall know 1Kgs 20:13; Exod 6:7, Exod 7:5, Exod 8:22; Deut 29:6; Ezek 6:14, Ezek 11:12, Ezek 12:16, Ezek 36:22, Ezek 39:7
29
seven days Josh 6:15; 1Sam 17:16; Ps 10:16
an hundred thousand 2Sam 10:18; 2Chr 13:17, 2Chr 20:23-25, 2Chr 28:6; Isa 37:36
30
the rest Ps 18:25
a wall Isa 24:18; Jer 48:44; Amos 2:14-15, Amos 5:19, Amos 9:3; Luke 13:4
fled 1Kgs 20:10, 1Kgs 20:20; Dan 4:37
into an inner chamber or, from chamber to chamber, Heb. into a chamber within a chamber. 1Kgs 22:25; 2Chr 18:24
31
his servants 1Kgs 20:23; 2Kgs 5:13
merciful kings Prov 20:28; Isa 16:5; Eph 1:7-8
I pray thee Six of the citizens of Calais are reported to have acted nearly in the same manner, when they surrendered their city to Edward the Third, king of England, in 1346. See the whole story circumstantially related by Sir John Froissart (who lived in that time), with that simplicity and detail that give it every appearance of truth.
put sackcloth 1Kgs 21:27-29; Gen 37:34; 2Sam 3:31, 2Sam 14:2; 2Kgs 19:1-2; Esth 4:1-3; Isa 22:12; Isa 37:1; Jonah 3:5-6; Rev 11:3
peradventure 2Kgs 7:4; Esth 4:16; Job 2:4; Matt 10:28
32
Thy servant 1Kgs 20:3-6; Job 12:17-18, Job 40:11-12; Isa 2:11-12, Isa 10:12; Dan 5:20-23; Obad 1:3-4
he is my brother 1Kgs 20:42; 1Sam 15:8-20
33
the men Prov 25:13; Luke 16:8
and he caused 2Kgs 10:15; Acts 8:31
34
The cities 1Kgs 15:20; 2Chr 16:4
So he made a covenant One of the conditions of this covenant, we learn, was, that Ahab should have "streets (chutzoth) in Damascus;" a proposal better relished by Ahab then understood by the generality of commentators. This, however, is well illustrated by Mr. Harmer, from William of Tyre, the great historian of the Crusades; from whom it appears that it was customary to give those nations which were engaged in them, churches, streets, and great jurisdiction therein, in those places which they assisted to conquer. The Genoese and Venetians had each a street in Acon, or Acre, in which they had their own jurisdiction, with liberty to have an oven, mill, baths, weights, and measures, etc. 1Kgs 20:42, 1Kgs 22:31; 2Chr 18:30; Isa 8:12, Isa 26:10
35
of the sons 1Kgs 20:38; 1Sam 10:12; 2Kgs 2:3, 2Kgs 2:5, 2Kgs 2:7, 2Kgs 2:15, 2Kgs 4:1, 2Kgs 4:38; Amos 7:14
in the word 1Kgs 13:1-2, 1Kgs 13:17-18
Smite me 1Kgs 20:37; Isa 8:18, Isa 20:2-3; Jer 27:2-3; Ezek 4:3; Matt 16:24
36
1Kgs 13:21-24, 1Kgs 13:26; 1Sam 15:22-23
37
Smite me 1Kgs 20:35; Exod 21:12
so that etc. Heb. smiting and wounding
38
disguised 1Kgs 14:2, 1Kgs 22:30; 2Sam 14:2; Matt 6:16
39
Thy servant Judg 9:7-20; 2Sam 12:1-7, 2Sam 14:5-7; Mark 12:1-12
thy life 1Kgs 20:42; 2Kgs 10:24
or else Exod 21:30; Job 36:18; Ps 49:7; Prov 6:35, Prov 13:8; 1Pet 1:18-19
pay Heb. weigh
40
he was gone Heb. he was not
So shall thy judgment be 2Sam 12:5-7; Job 15:6; Matt 21:41-43, Matt 25:24-27; Luke 19:22
41
the ashes away 1Kgs 20:38; 2Sam 13:19; Job 2:8; Jer 6:26
42
Because 1Kgs 20:34, 1Kgs 22:31-37; 1Sam 15:9-11
thy life shall go 1Kgs 22:31-37; 2Kgs 6:24, 2Kgs 8:12; 2Chr 18:33-34
43
went 1Kgs 21:4, 1Kgs 22:8; Esth 5:13, Esth 6:12-13; Job 5:2; Prov 19:3