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Chapter 23
1
Keilah Keilah was a city of Judah, situated, according to Eusebius, eight miles from Eleutheropolis, towards Hebron. Sozomen says that the prophet Habakkuk's tomb was shewn there. Josh 15:44; Neh 3:17-18
rob the Lev 26:16; Deut 28:33, Deut 28:51; Judg 6:4, Judg 6:11; Mic 6:15
2
inquired In what way David made this enquiry we are not told; but it was probably by means of Abiathar; and therefore it would seem, that with Houbigant, we should read the 1Sam 23:6 immediately after the 1Sam 23:1. - This adventure was truly noble and patriotic. Had not David loved his country, and been above all motives of private and personal revenge, he would have rejoiced in this invasion of Judea, as producing a strong diversion in his favour, and embroiling his inveterate enemy. In most cases, a man with David's wrongs would have joined with the enemies of his country, and avenged himself on the author of his calamities; but he thinks of nothing but succouring Keilah, and using his power and influence in behalf of his brethren. 1Sam 23:4, 1Sam 23:6, 1Sam 23:9-12, 1Sam 30:8; Num 27:21; Josh 9:14; Judg 1:1; 2Sam 5:19, 2Sam 5:23; 1Chr 14:10; Ps 32:8; Prov 3:5-6; Jer 10:23
3
Behold 1Sam 23:15, 1Sam 23:23, 1Sam 23:26; Ps 11:1; Jer 12:5
4
yet again 1Sam 28:6; Judg 6:39
for I will Josh 8:7; Judg 7:7; 2Sam 5:19; 2Kgs 3:18
6
when Abiathar 1Sam 22:20
an ephod 1Sam 14:3, 1Sam 14:18, 1Sam 14:36-37; Exod 28:30-31
7
am 2943, bc 1061, An, Ex, Is 430
God hath 1Sam 23:14, 1Sam 24:4-6, 1Sam 26:8-9; Ps 71:10-11
he is shut Exod 14:3, Exod 15:9; Judg 16:2-3; Job 20:5; Luke 19:43-44
9
David Jer 11:18-19; Acts 9:24, Acts 14:6, Acts 23:16-18
Bring 1Sam 23:6, 1Sam 14:18, 1Sam 30:7; Num 27:21; Jer 33:3
10
destroy the city 1Sam 23:8, 1Sam 22:19; Gen 18:24; Esth 3:6; Prov 28:15; Rom 3:15-16
11
And the Lord Ps 50:15; Jer 33:3; Matt 7:7-8
12
deliver Heb. shut up, Ps 31:8
They will 1Sam 23:7; Ps 62:1, Ps 118:8; Eccl 9:14-15; Isa 29:15; Heb 4:13
13
six hundred 1Sam 22:2, 1Sam 25:13, 1Sam 30:9-10
14
a mountain Ps 11:1-3
the wilderness Ziph is mentioned in Joshua with Carmel and Maon, near which it seems to have been situated; and as we have mention of Carmel and Maon in the history of David, as adjoining to Ziph, it cannot be doubted that by the Ziph, in the wilderness of which David now lay, and where was the hill of Hachilah, is to be understood Ziph near Carmel and Maon. Josh 15:24, Josh 15:55
Saul 1Sam 27:1; Ps 54:3-4; Prov 1:16, Prov 4:16
but God 1Sam 23:7; Ps 32:7, Ps 37:32-33, Ps 54:3-4; Prov 21:30; Jer 36:26; Rom 8:31; 2Tim 3:11, 2Tim 4:17-18
15
life Heb. nephesh, soul, Gen 44:30
16
strengthened Deut 3:28; Neh 2:18; Job 4:3-4, Job 16:5; Prov 27:9, Prov 27:17; Eccl 4:9-12; Isa 35:3-4; Ezek 13:22; Luke 22:32, Luke 22:43; Eph 6:10; 2Tim 2:1; Heb 12:12-13
17
Fear not Isa 41:10, Isa 41:14; Heb 13:6
shall not Job 5:11-15; Ps 27:1-3, Ps 46:1-2, Ps 91:1-2; Prov 14:26; Isa 54:17
thou shalt be Luke 12:32
I shall be Prov 19:21; Acts 28:16; Rom 15:24
that also Saul 1Sam 20:31, 1Sam 24:20; Acts 5:39
18
1Sam 18:3, 1Sam 20:12-17, 1Sam 20:42; 2Sam 9:1, 2Sam 21:7
19
the Ziphites 1Sam 22:7-8, 1Sam 26:1; Ps 54:1 *title Ps 54:3-4; Prov 29:12
Hachilah Calmet states, that Hachilah was a mountain about ten miles south of Jericho, where Jonathan Maccabeus built the castle of Massada, west of the Dead Sea, and not far from En-gedi. 1Sam 26:1, 1Sam 26:3
on the south Heb. on the right hand
Jeshimon or, the wilderness, Eusebius places Jeshimon ten miles south of Jericho, near the Dead Sea; which agrees extremely well with the position of Hachilah, as stated by Calmet.
20
all the desire Deut 18:6; 2Sam 3:21; Ps 112:10; Prov 11:23
our part 1Kgs 21:11-14; 2Kgs 10:5-7; Ps 54:3; Prov 29:26
21
1Sam 22:8; Judg 17:2; Ps 10:3; Isa 66:5; Mic 3:11
22
haunt is Heb. foot shall be, Job 5:13
23
take knowledge Mark 14:1, Mark 14:10-11; John 18:2-3
I will search 2Sam 17:11-13; 1Kgs 18:10; Prov 1:16; Rom 3:15-16
the thousands Num 10:36; Mic 5:2
24
the wilderness Maon, from which the adjoining mountainous district derived its name, was city in the most southern parts of the tribe of Judah, and a neighbouring town to Carmel. Hence Nabal (1Sam 25:2) is described as a man of Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel; and though he might dwell generally in Maon, yet he is styled Nabal the Carmelite, from the place where his estate lay. Calmet supposes it to be the city Minois, which Eusebius places in the vicinity of Gaza; and the Moenoemi Castrum, which the Theodosian code places near Beersheba.
Maon 1Sam 25:2; Josh 15:55
the south 1Sam 23:19
25
into a rock or, from the rock, 1Sam 23:28; Judg 15:8
26
David made haste 1Sam 19:12, 1Sam 20:38; 2Sam 15:14, 2Sam 17:21-22; Ps 31:22
away 2Chr 20:12; Ps 17:9, Ps 17:11, Ps 22:12, Ps 22:16, Ps 118:11-13, Ps 140:1-9; 2Cor 1:8; Rev 20:9
27
there came Gen 22:14; Deut 32:36; 2Kgs 19:9; Ps 116:3
the Philistines 2Kgs 19:9; Rev 12:16
invaded Heb. spread themselves upon, 1Chr 14:13
28
Selahammahlekoth that is, the rock of divisions, Because, says the Targum, "the heart of the king was divided to go hither and thither." Here Saul was obliged to separate himself from David, in order to go and oppose the invading Philistines; which deliverance of David was of such a nature as made the Divine interposition fully visible. 1Sam 23:28
29
The district around En-gedi, near the western coast of the Dead Sea, is reported by travellers to be a mountainous territory, filled with caverns; and consequently, proper for David in his present circumstances. Dr. Lightfoot thinks this was the wilderness of Judah, in which David was when he penned the Ps 63:1, which breathes as much pious and devout affection as almost any of his Psalms; for in all places and in all conditions he still kept up his communion with God. - If Christians knew their privileges better, and acted up thereto, there would be less murmuring at the dark dispensations of Divine Providence.
1Sam 24:1; Gen 14:7; Josh 15:62; 2Chr 20:2; Song 1:14; Ezek 47:10
1
Keilah Keilah was a city of Judah, situated, according to Eusebius, eight miles from Eleutheropolis, towards Hebron. Sozomen says that the prophet Habakkuk's tomb was shewn there. Josh 15:44; Neh 3:17-18
rob the Lev 26:16; Deut 28:33, Deut 28:51; Judg 6:4, Judg 6:11; Mic 6:15
2
inquired In what way David made this enquiry we are not told; but it was probably by means of Abiathar; and therefore it would seem, that with Houbigant, we should read the 1Sam 23:6 immediately after the 1Sam 23:1. - This adventure was truly noble and patriotic. Had not David loved his country, and been above all motives of private and personal revenge, he would have rejoiced in this invasion of Judea, as producing a strong diversion in his favour, and embroiling his inveterate enemy. In most cases, a man with David's wrongs would have joined with the enemies of his country, and avenged himself on the author of his calamities; but he thinks of nothing but succouring Keilah, and using his power and influence in behalf of his brethren. 1Sam 23:4, 1Sam 23:6, 1Sam 23:9-12, 1Sam 30:8; Num 27:21; Josh 9:14; Judg 1:1; 2Sam 5:19, 2Sam 5:23; 1Chr 14:10; Ps 32:8; Prov 3:5-6; Jer 10:23
3
Behold 1Sam 23:15, 1Sam 23:23, 1Sam 23:26; Ps 11:1; Jer 12:5
4
yet again 1Sam 28:6; Judg 6:39
for I will Josh 8:7; Judg 7:7; 2Sam 5:19; 2Kgs 3:18
6
when Abiathar 1Sam 22:20
an ephod 1Sam 14:3, 1Sam 14:18, 1Sam 14:36-37; Exod 28:30-31
7
am 2943, bc 1061, An, Ex, Is 430
God hath 1Sam 23:14, 1Sam 24:4-6, 1Sam 26:8-9; Ps 71:10-11
he is shut Exod 14:3, Exod 15:9; Judg 16:2-3; Job 20:5; Luke 19:43-44
9
David Jer 11:18-19; Acts 9:24, Acts 14:6, Acts 23:16-18
Bring 1Sam 23:6, 1Sam 14:18, 1Sam 30:7; Num 27:21; Jer 33:3
10
destroy the city 1Sam 23:8, 1Sam 22:19; Gen 18:24; Esth 3:6; Prov 28:15; Rom 3:15-16
11
And the Lord Ps 50:15; Jer 33:3; Matt 7:7-8
12
deliver Heb. shut up, Ps 31:8
They will 1Sam 23:7; Ps 62:1, Ps 118:8; Eccl 9:14-15; Isa 29:15; Heb 4:13
13
six hundred 1Sam 22:2, 1Sam 25:13, 1Sam 30:9-10
14
a mountain Ps 11:1-3
the wilderness Ziph is mentioned in Joshua with Carmel and Maon, near which it seems to have been situated; and as we have mention of Carmel and Maon in the history of David, as adjoining to Ziph, it cannot be doubted that by the Ziph, in the wilderness of which David now lay, and where was the hill of Hachilah, is to be understood Ziph near Carmel and Maon. Josh 15:24, Josh 15:55
Saul 1Sam 27:1; Ps 54:3-4; Prov 1:16, Prov 4:16
but God 1Sam 23:7; Ps 32:7, Ps 37:32-33, Ps 54:3-4; Prov 21:30; Jer 36:26; Rom 8:31; 2Tim 3:11, 2Tim 4:17-18
15
life Heb. nephesh, soul, Gen 44:30
16
strengthened Deut 3:28; Neh 2:18; Job 4:3-4, Job 16:5; Prov 27:9, Prov 27:17; Eccl 4:9-12; Isa 35:3-4; Ezek 13:22; Luke 22:32, Luke 22:43; Eph 6:10; 2Tim 2:1; Heb 12:12-13
17
Fear not Isa 41:10, Isa 41:14; Heb 13:6
shall not Job 5:11-15; Ps 27:1-3, Ps 46:1-2, Ps 91:1-2; Prov 14:26; Isa 54:17
thou shalt be Luke 12:32
I shall be Prov 19:21; Acts 28:16; Rom 15:24
that also Saul 1Sam 20:31, 1Sam 24:20; Acts 5:39
18
1Sam 18:3, 1Sam 20:12-17, 1Sam 20:42; 2Sam 9:1, 2Sam 21:7
19
the Ziphites 1Sam 22:7-8, 1Sam 26:1; Ps 54:1 *title Ps 54:3-4; Prov 29:12
Hachilah Calmet states, that Hachilah was a mountain about ten miles south of Jericho, where Jonathan Maccabeus built the castle of Massada, west of the Dead Sea, and not far from En-gedi. 1Sam 26:1, 1Sam 26:3
on the south Heb. on the right hand
Jeshimon or, the wilderness, Eusebius places Jeshimon ten miles south of Jericho, near the Dead Sea; which agrees extremely well with the position of Hachilah, as stated by Calmet.
20
all the desire Deut 18:6; 2Sam 3:21; Ps 112:10; Prov 11:23
our part 1Kgs 21:11-14; 2Kgs 10:5-7; Ps 54:3; Prov 29:26
21
1Sam 22:8; Judg 17:2; Ps 10:3; Isa 66:5; Mic 3:11
22
haunt is Heb. foot shall be, Job 5:13
23
take knowledge Mark 14:1, Mark 14:10-11; John 18:2-3
I will search 2Sam 17:11-13; 1Kgs 18:10; Prov 1:16; Rom 3:15-16
the thousands Num 10:36; Mic 5:2
24
the wilderness Maon, from which the adjoining mountainous district derived its name, was city in the most southern parts of the tribe of Judah, and a neighbouring town to Carmel. Hence Nabal (1Sam 25:2) is described as a man of Maon, whose possessions were in Carmel; and though he might dwell generally in Maon, yet he is styled Nabal the Carmelite, from the place where his estate lay. Calmet supposes it to be the city Minois, which Eusebius places in the vicinity of Gaza; and the Moenoemi Castrum, which the Theodosian code places near Beersheba.
Maon 1Sam 25:2; Josh 15:55
the south 1Sam 23:19
25
into a rock or, from the rock, 1Sam 23:28; Judg 15:8
26
David made haste 1Sam 19:12, 1Sam 20:38; 2Sam 15:14, 2Sam 17:21-22; Ps 31:22
away 2Chr 20:12; Ps 17:9, Ps 17:11, Ps 22:12, Ps 22:16, Ps 118:11-13, Ps 140:1-9; 2Cor 1:8; Rev 20:9
27
there came Gen 22:14; Deut 32:36; 2Kgs 19:9; Ps 116:3
the Philistines 2Kgs 19:9; Rev 12:16
invaded Heb. spread themselves upon, 1Chr 14:13
28
Selahammahlekoth that is, the rock of divisions, Because, says the Targum, "the heart of the king was divided to go hither and thither." Here Saul was obliged to separate himself from David, in order to go and oppose the invading Philistines; which deliverance of David was of such a nature as made the Divine interposition fully visible. 1Sam 23:28
29
The district around En-gedi, near the western coast of the Dead Sea, is reported by travellers to be a mountainous territory, filled with caverns; and consequently, proper for David in his present circumstances. Dr. Lightfoot thinks this was the wilderness of Judah, in which David was when he penned the Ps 63:1, which breathes as much pious and devout affection as almost any of his Psalms; for in all places and in all conditions he still kept up his communion with God. - If Christians knew their privileges better, and acted up thereto, there would be less murmuring at the dark dispensations of Divine Providence.
1Sam 24:1; Gen 14:7; Josh 15:62; 2Chr 20:2; Song 1:14; Ezek 47:10