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Chapter 20
2
Whosoever Lev 17:8, Lev 17:13, Lev 17:15
giveth Lev 18:21; Deut 12:31, Deut 18:10; 2Kgs 17:17, 2Kgs 23:10; 2Chr 28:3, 2Chr 33:6; Ps 106:38; Isa 57:5-6; Jer 7:31, Jer 32:35; Ezek 16:20-21, Ezek 20:26, Ezek 20:31, Ezek 23:37, Ezek 23:39; Acts 7:43, Moloch.
Molech The Rabbins describe this idol as made of brass sitting upon a throne of the same metal, in the form of a man, with the head of a calf, adorned with a royal crown, and his arms extended as if to embrace any one. When they offered any children to him, they heated the statue by a great fire kindled within, and the victim was put into his arms, and thus consumed. Others relate, that the idol, which was hollow, was divided into seven compartments within; in one of which they put flour, in the second turtles, in the third a ewe, in the fourth a ram, in the fifth a calf, in the sixth an ox, and the seventh a child; which were all burnt together by heating the statue inside. The account which Diodorus (l. xx.) gives of the statue of Saturn, to which the Carthaginians, descendants of the Canaanites, sacrificed their children, is very similar. For they had a brazen stature of Saturn, stretching out his hands towards the ground, in such a manner that the children placed within them tumbled down into a pit full of fire. To this account Milton alludes, in Paradise Lost, B. 1. 392.
the people Lev 20:27, Lev 24:14, Lev 24:23; Num 15:35-36; Deut 13:10-11, Deut 17:5-7, Deut 21:21; Acts 7:58-59
3
I will set Lev 17:10; 1Pet 3:12
to defile Num 19:20; Ezek 5:11, Ezek 23:38-39
profane Lev 18:21; Ezek 20:39; 2Cor 6:16
4
hide Acts 17:30
and kill Deut 13:8, Deut 17:2-5; Josh 7:12; 1Sam 3:13-14; 1Kgs 20:42; Rev 2:14
5
I will Lev 17:10
against his Exod 20:5; Jer 32:28-35, Jer 32:39
whoring Lev 17:7; Ps 106:39; Jer 3:2; Hos 2:5, Hos 2:13
6
familiar Lev 20:27, Lev 19:26, Lev 19:31; Deut 18:10-14; Isa 8:19
go Exod 34:15-16; Num 15:39; Ps 73:27; Ezek 6:9; Hos 4:12
cut him 1Chr 10:13-14; In the days of Moses, superstition was almost the sensus communis of the human race, which then made severe punishment necessary. By means of the Christian dispensation such errors are now exploded, the cultivation of philosophy and natural history having harmonised and contributed their feebler share of light, so that we no longer have to deplore mischiefs occasioned by the silly curiosity attempting to unfold future events.
7
Lev 11:44, Lev 19:2; Eph 1:4; Phil 2:12-13; Col 3:12; 1Thess 4:3, 1Thess 4:7; Heb 12:14; 1Pet 1:15-16
8
And ye Lev 18:4-5, Lev 19:37; Matt 5:19, Matt 7:24, Matt 12:50; John 13:17; Jas 1:22; Rev 22:14
sanctify Lev 21:8; Exod 31:13; Ezek 20:12, Ezek 37:28; 1Cor 1:30; 1Thess 5:23; 2Thess 2:13
9
curseth The term yekallel signifies not only to curse, but to speak contemptuously, disrespectfully, or to make light of a person, so that all speeches which have a tendency to lessen our parents in the eyes of others, or to render their judgment, piety, etc., suspected or contemptible, is here included; though the act of cursing, or of treating the parent with injurious or opprobrious language, is what is particularly intended. He who conscientiously keeps the fifth commandment, can be in no danger of the judgment here denounced. Exod 21:17; Deut 27:16; Prov 20:20, Prov 30:11, Prov 30:17; Matt 15:4; Mark 7:10
his blood Lev 20:11-13, Lev 20:16, Lev 20:27; Josh 2:19; Judg 9:24; 2Sam 1:16; 1Kgs 2:32; Matt 27:25
10
the adulterer Deut 22:22-24; 2Sam 12:13; Ezek 23:45-47; John 8:4-5
11
Lev 18:8; Deut 27:20, Deut 27:23; Amos 2:7; 1Cor 5:1
their Lev 20:9
12
lie Lev 18:15; Gen 38:16, Gen 38:18; Deut 27:23
confusion Lev 18:23
13
Lev 18:22; Gen 19:5; Deut 23:17; Judg 19:22; Rom 1:26-27; 1Cor 6:9; 1Tim 1:10; Jude 1:7
14
a wife Lev 18:17; Deut 27:23; Amos 2:7
burnt Lev 21:9; Josh 7:15, Josh 7:25
15
Lev 18:23; Exod 22:19; Deut 27:21
16
And if a woman We are assured by Herodotus (in Euterp) that the abominations here referred to existed among the Egyptians, and even formed part of their superstitious religious system, and we have reason to believe that they were not uncommon among the Canaanites. (See note on Lev 18:24-25). Need we wonder then, that God should have made laws of this nature, and appointed the punishment of death for these crimes? This one observation will account for many of those strange prohibitions which we find in the Mosaic law.
and the beast Exod 19:13, Exod 21:28, Exod 21:32; Heb 12:20
17
Lev 18:9; Gen 20:12; Deut 27:22; 2Sam 13:12; Ezek 22:11
18
having Lev 15:24, Lev 18:19; Ezek 18:6, Ezek 22:10
discovered Heb. made naked
19
mother's Lev 18:12, Lev 18:13-30; Exod 6:20
uncovereth Lev 18:6
20
uncle's wife Lev 18:14
childless Job 18:19; Ps 109:13; Jer 22:30; Luke 1:7, Luke 1:25, Luke 23:29
21
his brother's Lev 18:16; Matt 14:3-4
an unclean thing Heb. a separation
22
statutes Lev 18:4-5, Lev 18:26, Lev 19:37; Ps 19:8-11, Ps 105:45, Ps 119:80, Ps 119:145, Ps 119:171; Ezek 36:27
judgments Exod 21:1; Deut 4:45, Deut 5:1; Ps 119:20, Ps 119:106, Ps 119:160, Ps 119:164, Ps 119:175; Isa 26:8-9
spue you Lev 18:25-28, Lev 26:33; Deut 28:25-26
23
in the manners Lev 18:3, Lev 18:24, Lev 18:30; Deut 12:30-31; Jer 10:1-2
therefore Lev 18:27; Deut 9:5; Ps 78:59; Zech 11:8
24
But I Exod 3:8, Exod 3:17, Exod 6:8
a land Milk and honey were the chief dainties of the ancients as they are now among the Arabs, particularly the Bedouins. Hence not only the Hebrews, but also the Greeks and Romans, painted the highest pleasantness and fertility by an abundance of milk and honey. The image used in the text, and frequently by ancient authors on similar subjects, is a metaphor, derived from a breast, producing copious streams of milk.
which Lev 20:26; Exod 19:5-6, Exod 33:16; Num 23:9; Deut 7:6, Deut 14:2; 1Kgs 8:53; John 15:19; 2Cor 6:17; 1Pet 2:9
25
put difference Lev 11:1-47; Deut 14:3-21; Acts 10:11-15, Acts 10:28; Eph 5:7-11
abominable Lev 11:43
creepeth or, moveth
26
the Lord Lev 20:7, Lev 19:2; Ps 99:5, Ps 99:9; Isa 6:3, Isa 30:11; 1Pet 1:15-16; Rev 3:7, Rev 4:8
severed Lev 20:24; Deut 7:6, Deut 14:2, Deut 26:18-19; Titus 2:14
27
a familiar Lev 20:6, Lev 19:31; Exod 22:18; Deut 18:10-12; 1Sam 28:7-9
their blood Lev 20:9
2
Whosoever Lev 17:8, Lev 17:13, Lev 17:15
giveth Lev 18:21; Deut 12:31, Deut 18:10; 2Kgs 17:17, 2Kgs 23:10; 2Chr 28:3, 2Chr 33:6; Ps 106:38; Isa 57:5-6; Jer 7:31, Jer 32:35; Ezek 16:20-21, Ezek 20:26, Ezek 20:31, Ezek 23:37, Ezek 23:39; Acts 7:43, Moloch.
Molech The Rabbins describe this idol as made of brass sitting upon a throne of the same metal, in the form of a man, with the head of a calf, adorned with a royal crown, and his arms extended as if to embrace any one. When they offered any children to him, they heated the statue by a great fire kindled within, and the victim was put into his arms, and thus consumed. Others relate, that the idol, which was hollow, was divided into seven compartments within; in one of which they put flour, in the second turtles, in the third a ewe, in the fourth a ram, in the fifth a calf, in the sixth an ox, and the seventh a child; which were all burnt together by heating the statue inside. The account which Diodorus (l. xx.) gives of the statue of Saturn, to which the Carthaginians, descendants of the Canaanites, sacrificed their children, is very similar. For they had a brazen stature of Saturn, stretching out his hands towards the ground, in such a manner that the children placed within them tumbled down into a pit full of fire. To this account Milton alludes, in Paradise Lost, B. 1. 392.
the people Lev 20:27, Lev 24:14, Lev 24:23; Num 15:35-36; Deut 13:10-11, Deut 17:5-7, Deut 21:21; Acts 7:58-59
3
I will set Lev 17:10; 1Pet 3:12
to defile Num 19:20; Ezek 5:11, Ezek 23:38-39
profane Lev 18:21; Ezek 20:39; 2Cor 6:16
4
hide Acts 17:30
and kill Deut 13:8, Deut 17:2-5; Josh 7:12; 1Sam 3:13-14; 1Kgs 20:42; Rev 2:14
5
I will Lev 17:10
against his Exod 20:5; Jer 32:28-35, Jer 32:39
whoring Lev 17:7; Ps 106:39; Jer 3:2; Hos 2:5, Hos 2:13
6
familiar Lev 20:27, Lev 19:26, Lev 19:31; Deut 18:10-14; Isa 8:19
go Exod 34:15-16; Num 15:39; Ps 73:27; Ezek 6:9; Hos 4:12
cut him 1Chr 10:13-14; In the days of Moses, superstition was almost the sensus communis of the human race, which then made severe punishment necessary. By means of the Christian dispensation such errors are now exploded, the cultivation of philosophy and natural history having harmonised and contributed their feebler share of light, so that we no longer have to deplore mischiefs occasioned by the silly curiosity attempting to unfold future events.
7
Lev 11:44, Lev 19:2; Eph 1:4; Phil 2:12-13; Col 3:12; 1Thess 4:3, 1Thess 4:7; Heb 12:14; 1Pet 1:15-16
8
And ye Lev 18:4-5, Lev 19:37; Matt 5:19, Matt 7:24, Matt 12:50; John 13:17; Jas 1:22; Rev 22:14
sanctify Lev 21:8; Exod 31:13; Ezek 20:12, Ezek 37:28; 1Cor 1:30; 1Thess 5:23; 2Thess 2:13
9
curseth The term yekallel signifies not only to curse, but to speak contemptuously, disrespectfully, or to make light of a person, so that all speeches which have a tendency to lessen our parents in the eyes of others, or to render their judgment, piety, etc., suspected or contemptible, is here included; though the act of cursing, or of treating the parent with injurious or opprobrious language, is what is particularly intended. He who conscientiously keeps the fifth commandment, can be in no danger of the judgment here denounced. Exod 21:17; Deut 27:16; Prov 20:20, Prov 30:11, Prov 30:17; Matt 15:4; Mark 7:10
his blood Lev 20:11-13, Lev 20:16, Lev 20:27; Josh 2:19; Judg 9:24; 2Sam 1:16; 1Kgs 2:32; Matt 27:25
10
the adulterer Deut 22:22-24; 2Sam 12:13; Ezek 23:45-47; John 8:4-5
11
Lev 18:8; Deut 27:20, Deut 27:23; Amos 2:7; 1Cor 5:1
their Lev 20:9
12
lie Lev 18:15; Gen 38:16, Gen 38:18; Deut 27:23
confusion Lev 18:23
13
Lev 18:22; Gen 19:5; Deut 23:17; Judg 19:22; Rom 1:26-27; 1Cor 6:9; 1Tim 1:10; Jude 1:7
14
a wife Lev 18:17; Deut 27:23; Amos 2:7
burnt Lev 21:9; Josh 7:15, Josh 7:25
15
Lev 18:23; Exod 22:19; Deut 27:21
16
And if a woman We are assured by Herodotus (in Euterp) that the abominations here referred to existed among the Egyptians, and even formed part of their superstitious religious system, and we have reason to believe that they were not uncommon among the Canaanites. (See note on Lev 18:24-25). Need we wonder then, that God should have made laws of this nature, and appointed the punishment of death for these crimes? This one observation will account for many of those strange prohibitions which we find in the Mosaic law.
and the beast Exod 19:13, Exod 21:28, Exod 21:32; Heb 12:20
17
Lev 18:9; Gen 20:12; Deut 27:22; 2Sam 13:12; Ezek 22:11
18
having Lev 15:24, Lev 18:19; Ezek 18:6, Ezek 22:10
discovered Heb. made naked
19
mother's Lev 18:12, Lev 18:13-30; Exod 6:20
uncovereth Lev 18:6
20
uncle's wife Lev 18:14
childless Job 18:19; Ps 109:13; Jer 22:30; Luke 1:7, Luke 1:25, Luke 23:29
21
his brother's Lev 18:16; Matt 14:3-4
an unclean thing Heb. a separation
22
statutes Lev 18:4-5, Lev 18:26, Lev 19:37; Ps 19:8-11, Ps 105:45, Ps 119:80, Ps 119:145, Ps 119:171; Ezek 36:27
judgments Exod 21:1; Deut 4:45, Deut 5:1; Ps 119:20, Ps 119:106, Ps 119:160, Ps 119:164, Ps 119:175; Isa 26:8-9
spue you Lev 18:25-28, Lev 26:33; Deut 28:25-26
23
in the manners Lev 18:3, Lev 18:24, Lev 18:30; Deut 12:30-31; Jer 10:1-2
therefore Lev 18:27; Deut 9:5; Ps 78:59; Zech 11:8
24
But I Exod 3:8, Exod 3:17, Exod 6:8
a land Milk and honey were the chief dainties of the ancients as they are now among the Arabs, particularly the Bedouins. Hence not only the Hebrews, but also the Greeks and Romans, painted the highest pleasantness and fertility by an abundance of milk and honey. The image used in the text, and frequently by ancient authors on similar subjects, is a metaphor, derived from a breast, producing copious streams of milk.
which Lev 20:26; Exod 19:5-6, Exod 33:16; Num 23:9; Deut 7:6, Deut 14:2; 1Kgs 8:53; John 15:19; 2Cor 6:17; 1Pet 2:9
25
put difference Lev 11:1-47; Deut 14:3-21; Acts 10:11-15, Acts 10:28; Eph 5:7-11
abominable Lev 11:43
creepeth or, moveth
26
the Lord Lev 20:7, Lev 19:2; Ps 99:5, Ps 99:9; Isa 6:3, Isa 30:11; 1Pet 1:15-16; Rev 3:7, Rev 4:8
severed Lev 20:24; Deut 7:6, Deut 14:2, Deut 26:18-19; Titus 2:14
27
a familiar Lev 20:6, Lev 19:31; Exod 22:18; Deut 18:10-12; 1Sam 28:7-9
their blood Lev 20:9