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Chapter 35
1
Josiah The whole solemnity was performed with great exactness according to the law, and upon that account there was none like it since Samuel's time; for even in Hezekiah's passover there were several irregularities. Bp. Patrick observes, that in this also it exceeded the other passovers which preceding things had kept, that though Josiah was by no means so rich as David, or Solomon, or Jehoshaphat, yet he furnished the congregation with beasts for sacrifice, both paschal and eucharistical, at his own proper cost and charge, which was more than any king ever did before. 2Chr 30:1-27; 2Kgs 23:21-23
the fourteenth Exod 12:6; Num 9:3; Deut 16:1-8; Ezra 6:19; Ezek 45:21; Josiah's solemnization of the passover, which is merely alluded to at 2Kgs 23:21, is very particularly related her, while the destruction of idolatry is largely related in the Kings, and here only touched upon. The feasts of the Lord God, appointed by the ceremonial law, were very numerous; but the passover was the chief. It was the first which was solemnized in the night wherein Israel came out of Egypt, and ushered in those which were afterwards instituted, and it was the last great feast which was held in the night wherein Christ was betrayed, before the vail of the temple was rent in twain. Be means of this feast, both Josiah and Hezekiah revived religion in their day.
2
charges 2Chr 23:8, 2Chr 23:18, 2Chr 31:2; Num 18:5-7; 1Chr 24:1-31; Ezra 6:18
encouraged 2Chr 29:5-11, 2Chr 31:2; 1Chr 22:19
3
the Levites 2Chr 17:8-9, 2Chr 30:22; Deut 33:10; Neh 8:7-8; Mal 2:7
Put 2Chr 8:11, 2Chr 34:14
in the house 2Chr 5:7
not be Num 4:15-49; 1Chr 23:26
serve now Num 8:19, Num 16:9-10; 2Cor 4:5
4
the houses 1Chr 9:10-34; Neh 11:10-20
after your courses The regulations formed by David, and established by Solomon, concerning the courses of the priests and Levites, were committed to writing, and preserved, for them to refer to continually. Josiah, as well as Hezekiah, required the priests and Levites to attend to their several duties, and encouraged them therein, but he neither added, altered, not retrenched anything. He merely enforced what had been established in the law, and in the regulations made by David and the contemporary prophets: "the commandment of the king....was by the word of the Lord." 1Chr. 23:1-26:32
and according 2Chr 8:14
5
And stand Ps 134:1, Ps 135:2
families of the fathers Heb. house of the fathers
people Heb. sons of the people.
6
So kill 2Chr 30:15-17; Exod 12:6, Exod 12:21-22; Ezra 6:20-21
sanctify 2Chr 29:5, 2Chr 29:15, 2Chr 29:34, 2Chr 30:3, 2Chr 30:15-19; Gen 35:2; Exod 19:10, Exod 19:15; Num 19:11-20; Job 1:5; Ps 51:7; Joel 2:16; Heb 9:13-14
7
Josiah 2Chr 7:8-10, 2Chr 30:24; Isa 32:8; Ezek 45:17
gave Heb. offered, 1Kgs 8:63
thirty thousand According to the calculation, that not fewer than ten, nor more than twenty persons, were to join for one kid or lamb, the numbers given on this occasion would suffice for above 400,000 persons.
the king's substance 1Kgs 8:63; 1Chr 29:3
8
his princes 2Chr 29:31-33; 1Chr 29:6-9, 1Chr 29:17; Ezra 1:6, Ezra 2:68-69, Ezra 7:16, Ezra 8:25-35; Neh 7:70-72; Ps 45:12; Acts 2:44-45, Acts 4:34-35
gave Heb. offered
willingly 2Cor 8:12, 2Cor 9:7
Hilkiah 2Chr 34:14-20
rulers 1Chr 9:20, 1Chr 24:4-5; Jer 29:25-26; Acts 4:1, Acts 5:26
9
gave Heb. offered, Isa 1:10-15; Jer 3:10, Jer 7:21-28; Mic 6:6-8
10
the priests 2Chr 35:4-5, 2Chr 30:16; Ezra 6:18
11
the priests 2Chr 29:22-24, 2Chr 30:16; Lev 1:5-6; Num 18:3, Num 18:7; Heb 9:21-22
flayed them 2Chr 29:34
12
as it is written Lev 3:3, Lev 3:5, Lev 3:9-11, Lev 3:14-16
13
roasted Exod 12:8-9; Deut 16:7; Ps 22:14; Lam 1:12-13
sod Lev 6:28; Num 6:19; 1Sam 2:13-15
divided them speedily Heb. made them run, Rom 12:11
14
because the priests Acts 6:2-4
15
place Heb. station
according 2Chr 29:25-26; 1Chr 16:41-42, 1Chr 23:5, 1Chr 25:1-7; Ps 77:1, Ps 78:1, Ps 79:1 *titles
the porters 1Chr 9:17-19, 1Chr 26:14-19
17
present Heb. found
the feast 2Chr 30:21-23; Exod 12:15-20, Exod 13:6-7, Exod 23:15, Exod 34:18; Lev 23:5-8; Num 28:16-25; Deut 16:3-4, Deut 16:8; 1Cor 5:7-8
18
there was no passover Not one on purer principles, more heartily joined in by the people present, more literally or exactly consecrated, according to the law, or more religiously observed. The words do not refer to the number present, but to the manner and spirit. 2Chr 30:5; 2Kgs 23:21-23
neither did 2Chr 30:26-27
20
am 3394, bc 610
temple Heb. house
Necho Pharaoh, the lame, says the Targumist. 2Kgs 23:29-30, Pharaoh-necho, Jer 46:2-12
Charchemish Isa 10:9
21
What 2Sam 16:10; Matt 8:29; John 2:4
house wherewith I have war Heb. house of my war
God 2Kgs 18:25; Isa 36:10
forbear thee 2Chr 25:19
22
Nevertheless Josiah's conduct in this affair has been treated with great severity; and he has been charged with engaging rashly in an unjust war, and disregarding the express command of God. But Scripture no where condemns him; and Pharaoh, in marching through Josiah's territories, against his will, certainly committed an act of hostility. It is evident that Josiah was in possession of the whole land of Israel (2Chr 26:6); and probably he held the northern parts of it as a grant from the king of Babylon; and was not only in alliance with him, but bound to guard his frontiers against hostile invaders. He may, therefore, be fairly justified from the charge of unjustly meddling in a war that did not belong him. It is true the ambassadors assured Josiah, that "God had commanded Pharaoh to make haste;" and he is therefore said not to have "hearkened to the words of Necho, from the mouth of God." But Necho produced no proof that he was a prophet of Jehovah; and the word he employed, elohim, may denote gods or idols; and critics have noticed that the expression, "from the mouth of God," is not used when the true God is meant.
but disguised 2Chr 18:29; 1Kgs 14:2, 1Kgs 22:30, 1Kgs 22:34
the mouth 2Chr 35:21, 2Chr 18:4-6; Josh 9:14
Megiddo Judg 5:19; 2Kgs 9:27, 2Kgs 23:30; Zech 12:11, Megiddon, Rev 16:16, Armageddon
23
the archers 2Chr 18:33; Gen 49:23; 2Kgs 9:24; Lam 3:13
wounded Heb. made sick, 1Kgs 22:34; 2Kgs 8:29
24
the second Gen 41:43
they 2Kgs 23:30
died Ps 36:6; Eccl 8:14, Eccl 9:1-2
in one of the or, among the, 2Chr 34:28
Judah Zech 12:11
25
Jeremiah Jer 22:10; Lam 4:20
all the singing Job 3:8; Eccl 12:5; Jer 9:17-21; Matt 9:23
and made them Jer 22:20
26
goodness Heb. kindness, 2Chr 31:20, 2Chr 32:32
27
deeds 2Chr 20:34, 2Chr 24:27, 2Chr 25:26, 2Chr 26:22, 2Chr 32:32, 2Chr 33:19; 2Kgs 10:34, 2Kgs 16:19, 2Kgs 20:20; 2Kgs 21:25
1
Josiah The whole solemnity was performed with great exactness according to the law, and upon that account there was none like it since Samuel's time; for even in Hezekiah's passover there were several irregularities. Bp. Patrick observes, that in this also it exceeded the other passovers which preceding things had kept, that though Josiah was by no means so rich as David, or Solomon, or Jehoshaphat, yet he furnished the congregation with beasts for sacrifice, both paschal and eucharistical, at his own proper cost and charge, which was more than any king ever did before. 2Chr 30:1-27; 2Kgs 23:21-23
the fourteenth Exod 12:6; Num 9:3; Deut 16:1-8; Ezra 6:19; Ezek 45:21; Josiah's solemnization of the passover, which is merely alluded to at 2Kgs 23:21, is very particularly related her, while the destruction of idolatry is largely related in the Kings, and here only touched upon. The feasts of the Lord God, appointed by the ceremonial law, were very numerous; but the passover was the chief. It was the first which was solemnized in the night wherein Israel came out of Egypt, and ushered in those which were afterwards instituted, and it was the last great feast which was held in the night wherein Christ was betrayed, before the vail of the temple was rent in twain. Be means of this feast, both Josiah and Hezekiah revived religion in their day.
2
charges 2Chr 23:8, 2Chr 23:18, 2Chr 31:2; Num 18:5-7; 1Chr 24:1-31; Ezra 6:18
encouraged 2Chr 29:5-11, 2Chr 31:2; 1Chr 22:19
3
the Levites 2Chr 17:8-9, 2Chr 30:22; Deut 33:10; Neh 8:7-8; Mal 2:7
Put 2Chr 8:11, 2Chr 34:14
in the house 2Chr 5:7
not be Num 4:15-49; 1Chr 23:26
serve now Num 8:19, Num 16:9-10; 2Cor 4:5
4
the houses 1Chr 9:10-34; Neh 11:10-20
after your courses The regulations formed by David, and established by Solomon, concerning the courses of the priests and Levites, were committed to writing, and preserved, for them to refer to continually. Josiah, as well as Hezekiah, required the priests and Levites to attend to their several duties, and encouraged them therein, but he neither added, altered, not retrenched anything. He merely enforced what had been established in the law, and in the regulations made by David and the contemporary prophets: "the commandment of the king....was by the word of the Lord." 1Chr. 23:1-26:32
and according 2Chr 8:14
5
And stand Ps 134:1, Ps 135:2
families of the fathers Heb. house of the fathers
people Heb. sons of the people.
6
So kill 2Chr 30:15-17; Exod 12:6, Exod 12:21-22; Ezra 6:20-21
sanctify 2Chr 29:5, 2Chr 29:15, 2Chr 29:34, 2Chr 30:3, 2Chr 30:15-19; Gen 35:2; Exod 19:10, Exod 19:15; Num 19:11-20; Job 1:5; Ps 51:7; Joel 2:16; Heb 9:13-14
7
Josiah 2Chr 7:8-10, 2Chr 30:24; Isa 32:8; Ezek 45:17
gave Heb. offered, 1Kgs 8:63
thirty thousand According to the calculation, that not fewer than ten, nor more than twenty persons, were to join for one kid or lamb, the numbers given on this occasion would suffice for above 400,000 persons.
the king's substance 1Kgs 8:63; 1Chr 29:3
8
his princes 2Chr 29:31-33; 1Chr 29:6-9, 1Chr 29:17; Ezra 1:6, Ezra 2:68-69, Ezra 7:16, Ezra 8:25-35; Neh 7:70-72; Ps 45:12; Acts 2:44-45, Acts 4:34-35
gave Heb. offered
willingly 2Cor 8:12, 2Cor 9:7
Hilkiah 2Chr 34:14-20
rulers 1Chr 9:20, 1Chr 24:4-5; Jer 29:25-26; Acts 4:1, Acts 5:26
9
gave Heb. offered, Isa 1:10-15; Jer 3:10, Jer 7:21-28; Mic 6:6-8
10
the priests 2Chr 35:4-5, 2Chr 30:16; Ezra 6:18
11
the priests 2Chr 29:22-24, 2Chr 30:16; Lev 1:5-6; Num 18:3, Num 18:7; Heb 9:21-22
flayed them 2Chr 29:34
12
as it is written Lev 3:3, Lev 3:5, Lev 3:9-11, Lev 3:14-16
13
roasted Exod 12:8-9; Deut 16:7; Ps 22:14; Lam 1:12-13
sod Lev 6:28; Num 6:19; 1Sam 2:13-15
divided them speedily Heb. made them run, Rom 12:11
14
because the priests Acts 6:2-4
15
place Heb. station
according 2Chr 29:25-26; 1Chr 16:41-42, 1Chr 23:5, 1Chr 25:1-7; Ps 77:1, Ps 78:1, Ps 79:1 *titles
the porters 1Chr 9:17-19, 1Chr 26:14-19
17
present Heb. found
the feast 2Chr 30:21-23; Exod 12:15-20, Exod 13:6-7, Exod 23:15, Exod 34:18; Lev 23:5-8; Num 28:16-25; Deut 16:3-4, Deut 16:8; 1Cor 5:7-8
18
there was no passover Not one on purer principles, more heartily joined in by the people present, more literally or exactly consecrated, according to the law, or more religiously observed. The words do not refer to the number present, but to the manner and spirit. 2Chr 30:5; 2Kgs 23:21-23
neither did 2Chr 30:26-27
20
am 3394, bc 610
temple Heb. house
Necho Pharaoh, the lame, says the Targumist. 2Kgs 23:29-30, Pharaoh-necho, Jer 46:2-12
Charchemish Isa 10:9
21
What 2Sam 16:10; Matt 8:29; John 2:4
house wherewith I have war Heb. house of my war
God 2Kgs 18:25; Isa 36:10
forbear thee 2Chr 25:19
22
Nevertheless Josiah's conduct in this affair has been treated with great severity; and he has been charged with engaging rashly in an unjust war, and disregarding the express command of God. But Scripture no where condemns him; and Pharaoh, in marching through Josiah's territories, against his will, certainly committed an act of hostility. It is evident that Josiah was in possession of the whole land of Israel (2Chr 26:6); and probably he held the northern parts of it as a grant from the king of Babylon; and was not only in alliance with him, but bound to guard his frontiers against hostile invaders. He may, therefore, be fairly justified from the charge of unjustly meddling in a war that did not belong him. It is true the ambassadors assured Josiah, that "God had commanded Pharaoh to make haste;" and he is therefore said not to have "hearkened to the words of Necho, from the mouth of God." But Necho produced no proof that he was a prophet of Jehovah; and the word he employed, elohim, may denote gods or idols; and critics have noticed that the expression, "from the mouth of God," is not used when the true God is meant.
but disguised 2Chr 18:29; 1Kgs 14:2, 1Kgs 22:30, 1Kgs 22:34
the mouth 2Chr 35:21, 2Chr 18:4-6; Josh 9:14
Megiddo Judg 5:19; 2Kgs 9:27, 2Kgs 23:30; Zech 12:11, Megiddon, Rev 16:16, Armageddon
23
the archers 2Chr 18:33; Gen 49:23; 2Kgs 9:24; Lam 3:13
wounded Heb. made sick, 1Kgs 22:34; 2Kgs 8:29
24
the second Gen 41:43
they 2Kgs 23:30
died Ps 36:6; Eccl 8:14, Eccl 9:1-2
in one of the or, among the, 2Chr 34:28
Judah Zech 12:11
25
Jeremiah Jer 22:10; Lam 4:20
all the singing Job 3:8; Eccl 12:5; Jer 9:17-21; Matt 9:23
and made them Jer 22:20
26
goodness Heb. kindness, 2Chr 31:20, 2Chr 32:32
27
deeds 2Chr 20:34, 2Chr 24:27, 2Chr 25:26, 2Chr 26:22, 2Chr 32:32, 2Chr 33:19; 2Kgs 10:34, 2Kgs 16:19, 2Kgs 20:20; 2Kgs 21:25