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Chapter 19
1
2Sam 18:5, 2Sam 18:12, 2Sam 18:14, 2Sam 18:20, 2Sam 18:33; Prov 17:25
2
victory Heb. salvation, or, deliverance
turned Prov 16:15, Prov 19:12
3
into the city 2Sam 19:32, 2Sam 17:24
steal Gen 31:27
4
covered 2Sam 15:30
O my son It is allowed by competent critics that the lamentation of David over his son, of which this forms a part, is exceedingly pathetic; and Calmet properly remarks, that the frequent repetition of the name of the deceased is common in the language of lamentation. 2Sam 18:33
5
Thou hast Every one must admit that David's immoderate grief for his rebellious son was imprudent, and that Joab's firm and sensible reproof was necessary to arouse him to a sense of his duty to his people. But, in his manner, Joab far exceeded the bounds of that reverence which a servant owes to his master, or a subject to his prince.
saved Neh 9:27; Ps 3:8, Ps 18:47-48
6
In that etc. Heb. By loving, etc
thou regardest etc. Heb. princes or servants are not to thee. then it had. 2Sam 3:24-25; Job 34:18; Prov 19:9-10; Acts 23:5
7
comfortably unto thy Heb. to the heart of thy, Gen 34:3; Prov 19:15; Isa 40:1; Hos 2:14 *marg.
there Prov 14:28
all the evil Ps 71:4-6, Ps 71:9-11, Ps 71:18-20, Ps 129:1-2
8
sat in the gate How prudently and mildly David took the reproof and counsel given him! He shook off his grief, anointed his head, and washed his face, that he might not appear unto men to mourn, and then made his appearance at the gate of the city, which was the public place of resort for the hearing of causes and giving judgment, as well as a place to ratify special bargains. Thither the people flocked to congratulate him on his and their safety, and that all was well. When we are convinced of a fault, we must amend, though we are told of it by our inferiors in a way which is peculiarly painful to our natural feelings. This ancient custom still obtains in the East; for when Dr. Pococke returned from viewing the town of ancient Byblus, he says, "The sheik and the elders were sitting in the gate of the city, after the ancient manner, and I sat awhile with them." 2Sam 18:4, 2Sam 18:24
for Israel 2Sam 19:3, 2Sam 18:6-8; 1Kgs 22:36; 2Kgs 14:12
9
strife Gen 3:12-13; Exod 32:24; Jas 3:14-16
The king 2Sam 8:10; 1Sam 17:50, 1Sam 18:5-7, 1Sam 18:25, 1Sam 19:5
he is fled 2Sam 15:14
10
whom 2Sam 15:12-13; Hos 8:4
is dead 2Sam 18:14
speak ye not a word Heb. are ye silent, Judg 18:9
11
sent 2Sam 15:29, 2Sam 15:35-36; 1Kgs 2:25-26, 1Kgs 2:35
Speak 2Cor 5:20
Why are Matt 5:16; 2Thess 3:9
12
my bones 2Sam 5:1; Gen 2:23; Judg 9:2; Eph 5:30
13
Amasa 2Sam 17:25; 1Chr 2:16-17, 1Chr 12:18
God Ruth 1:17; 1Kgs 19:2
room of Joab 2Sam 19:5-7, 2Sam 3:29-30, 2Sam 8:16, 2Sam 18:11
14
he bowed The measures that he pursued were the best calculated that could be adopted for accomplishing this salutary end. David appears to take no notice of their infidelity, but rather to place confidence in them, that their confidence in him might be naturally excited; and to oblige them yet farther, purposes to make Amasa general of the army, instead of Joab.
even Judg 20:1; Ps 110:2-3; Acts 4:32
15
Gilgal Josh 5:9; 1Sam 11:14-15
16
Shimei It appears that Shimei was a powerful chieftain in the land; for he had here in his retinue no less than a thousand men. 2Sam 16:5-13; 1Kgs 2:8, 1Kgs 2:36-46
hasted Job 2:4; Prov 6:4-5; Matt 5:25
17
Ziba 2Sam 19:26-27, 2Sam 9:2, 2Sam 9:10, 2Sam 16:1-4
18
And there The LXX connecting this the with preceding verse, render, και κατευθυναν τον Ιορδανην εμπροσθεν του βασιλεως, και ελειτουργησαν την λειτουργιαν του διαβιβασαι τον βασιλεα, "and they made ready Jordan before the king, and did the necessary service to bring over the king."
The Vulgate has: et irrumpentes Jordanem, ante regem transierunt vada, ut traducerent domum regis, "and breaking into Jordan, they passed the fords before the king, to bring over the king's household." Josephus says they prepared a bridge over the Jordan, to facilitate his passage.
what he thought good Heb. the good in his eyes
fell down Ps 66:3, Ps 81:15; Rev 3:9
19
And said Eccl 10:4
Let not 1Sam 22:15; Ps 32:2; Rom 4:6-8; 2Cor 5:19
remember Ps 79:8; Isa 43:25; Jer 31:34
did perversely 2Sam 16:5-9, 2Sam 16:10-14; Exod 10:16-17; 1Sam 26:21; Matt 27:4
take it 2Sam 13:20, 2Sam 13:33; 1Sam 25:25
20
I am come Ps 78:34-37; Jer 22:23; Hos 5:15
Joseph 2Sam 19:9, 2Sam 16:5; Gen 48:14, Gen 48:20; 1Kgs 12:20, 1Kgs 12:25; Hos 4:15-17, Hos 5:3
21
Shall not Exod 22:28; 1Kgs 21:10-11
cursed 2Sam 16:5, 2Sam 16:7, 2Sam 16:13; 1Sam 24:6, 1Sam 26:9
22
What have 2Sam 3:39, 2Sam 16:10; 1Sam 26:8; Matt 8:29
shall there any man 1Sam 11:13; Isa 16:5; Luke 9:54-56
23
Thou shalt 1Kgs 2:8-9, 1Kgs 2:37, 1Kgs 2:46
sware 1Sam 28:10, 1Sam 30:15; Heb 6:16
24
Mephibosheth 2Sam 9:6, 2Sam 16:3
dressed his feet Literally, made his feet, which seems to mean washing the feet paring the nails, and perhaps anointing or otherwise perfuming them, if not tinging the nails with henna; see note on Deut 21:12. Sir John Chardin, in his manuscript note on this place, informs us, that it is customary in the East to have as much care of the feet as the hands; and that their barbers cut and adjust the nails with a proper instrument, because they often go barefoot. The nails of the toes of the mummies inspected in London in 1763, of which an account is given in the Philosophical Transactions for 1764, seem to have been tinged with some reddish colour. 2Sam 15:30; Isa 15:2; Jer 41:5; Matt 6:16; Rom 12:15; Heb 13:3
trimmed Literally, made his beard, which may mean, combing, curling, and perfuming it. But Mr. Morier says that they almost universally dye the beard black, by successive layers of a paste made of henna, and another made of the leaf of the indigo. The first tinging with an orange colour, and the next with a dark bottle green, which becomes jet black when exposed to the air for twenty-four hours.
25
Wherefore 2Sam 16:17
26
I will saddle 2Sam 16:2-3
thy servant 2Sam 4:4
27
slandered 2Sam 16:3; Exod 20:16; Ps 15:3, Ps 101:5; Jer 9:4
as an angel 2Sam 14:17, 2Sam 14:20; 1Sam 29:9
28
were Gen 32:10
dead men Heb. men of death, 1Sam 26:16
didst thou 2Sam 9:7-8, 2Sam 9:10, 2Sam 9:13
to cry 2Kgs 8:3
29
Why speakest Job 19:16-17; Prov 18:13; Acts 18:15
Thou Deut 19:17-19; Ps 82:2, Ps 101:5
30
Yea 2Sam 1:26; Acts 20:24; Phil 1:20
31
1Kgs 2:7; Ezra 2:61; Neh 7:63
32
fourscore Gen 5:27, Gen 9:29, Gen 25:7, Gen 47:28, Gen 50:26; Deut 34:7; Ps 90:3-10; Prov 16:31
provided 2Sam 17:27
for he was 1Sam 25:2; Job 1:3
33
Come thou 2Sam 9:11; Matt 25:34-40; Luke 22:28-30; 2Thess 1:7
34
How long have I to live Heb. How many days are the years of my life, Gen 47:9; Job 14:14; Ps 39:5-6; 1Cor 7:29; Jas 4:14
35
can I discern Job 6:30, Job 12:11; Heb 5:14; 1Pet 2:3
taste Eccl 12:1-5
I hear Ezra 2:65; Neh 7:67; Exod 2:8, Exod 12:4
a burden 2Sam 13:25, 2Sam 15:33
36
the king Luke 6:38
37
Let thy The whole of this little episode is extremely interesting, and contains an affecting description of the infirmities of old age. The venerable and kind Barzillai was fourscore years old; his ear was become dull of hearing, and his relish for even royal dainties was gone. The evil days had arrived in which he was constrained to say, "I have no pleasure in them" (Eccl 12:1). As he was too old either to enjoy the pleasures of a court, or to be of any further service to the king, he finishes his affecting address to the aged monarch with the request, that he would suffer him to enjoy what old men naturally desire, to "die in mine own city, and be buried by the grave of my father and mother;" at the same time commending his son Chimham to his kind offices.
I may die Gen 48:21; Josh 23:14; Luke 2:29-30; 2Tim 4:6; 2Pet 1:14
by the grave Gen 47:30, Gen 49:29-31, Gen 50:13; 1Kgs 13:22
Chimham 2Sam 19:40; 1Kgs 2:7; Jer 41:17
38
require Heb. choose, 2Sam 19:38
39
the king The kiss was the token of friendship and farewell; the blessing was a prayer to God for his prosperity. Probably a prophetical benediction.
kissed Barzillai Gen 31:55, Gen 45:15; Ruth 1:14; 1Kgs 19:20; Acts 20:37; 1Thess 5:26
blessed 2Sam 6:18, 2Sam 6:20, 2Sam 13:25; Gen 14:19, Gen 28:3, Gen 47:7, Gen 47:10; Luke 2:34
returned Gen 31:55; Num 24:25; 1Sam 24:22
40
Chimham Heb. Chimhan
all the people 2Sam 19:11-15; Gen 49:10; Matt 21:9
41
Why have Judg 8:1, Judg 12:1; John 7:5-6
stolen 2Sam 19:3; Gen 31:26-27
42
Because 2Sam 19:12, 2Sam 5:1; 1Chr 2:3-17
43
We have 2Sam 20:1, 2Sam 20:6; 1Kgs 12:16
ten parts 2Sam 5:1; Prov 13:10
despise us Heb. set us at light
our advice 2Sam 19:9, 2Sam 19:14; Gal 5:20, Gal 5:26; Phil 2:3
the words Judg 8:1, Judg 9:23, Judg 12:1-6; Prov 15:1, Prov 17:14, Prov 18:19; Rom 12:21; Gal 5:15, Gal 5:20; Jas 1:20, Jas 3:2-10, Jas 3:14-16, Jas 4:1-5; Whatever value or respect the men of Israel at this time professed for their king, they would not have quarrelled so fiercely about their own credit and interest in recalling him, if they had been truly sorry for their former rebellion.
1
2Sam 18:5, 2Sam 18:12, 2Sam 18:14, 2Sam 18:20, 2Sam 18:33; Prov 17:25
2
victory Heb. salvation, or, deliverance
turned Prov 16:15, Prov 19:12
3
into the city 2Sam 19:32, 2Sam 17:24
steal Gen 31:27
4
covered 2Sam 15:30
O my son It is allowed by competent critics that the lamentation of David over his son, of which this forms a part, is exceedingly pathetic; and Calmet properly remarks, that the frequent repetition of the name of the deceased is common in the language of lamentation. 2Sam 18:33
5
Thou hast Every one must admit that David's immoderate grief for his rebellious son was imprudent, and that Joab's firm and sensible reproof was necessary to arouse him to a sense of his duty to his people. But, in his manner, Joab far exceeded the bounds of that reverence which a servant owes to his master, or a subject to his prince.
saved Neh 9:27; Ps 3:8, Ps 18:47-48
6
In that etc. Heb. By loving, etc
thou regardest etc. Heb. princes or servants are not to thee. then it had. 2Sam 3:24-25; Job 34:18; Prov 19:9-10; Acts 23:5
7
comfortably unto thy Heb. to the heart of thy, Gen 34:3; Prov 19:15; Isa 40:1; Hos 2:14 *marg.
there Prov 14:28
all the evil Ps 71:4-6, Ps 71:9-11, Ps 71:18-20, Ps 129:1-2
8
sat in the gate How prudently and mildly David took the reproof and counsel given him! He shook off his grief, anointed his head, and washed his face, that he might not appear unto men to mourn, and then made his appearance at the gate of the city, which was the public place of resort for the hearing of causes and giving judgment, as well as a place to ratify special bargains. Thither the people flocked to congratulate him on his and their safety, and that all was well. When we are convinced of a fault, we must amend, though we are told of it by our inferiors in a way which is peculiarly painful to our natural feelings. This ancient custom still obtains in the East; for when Dr. Pococke returned from viewing the town of ancient Byblus, he says, "The sheik and the elders were sitting in the gate of the city, after the ancient manner, and I sat awhile with them." 2Sam 18:4, 2Sam 18:24
for Israel 2Sam 19:3, 2Sam 18:6-8; 1Kgs 22:36; 2Kgs 14:12
9
strife Gen 3:12-13; Exod 32:24; Jas 3:14-16
The king 2Sam 8:10; 1Sam 17:50, 1Sam 18:5-7, 1Sam 18:25, 1Sam 19:5
he is fled 2Sam 15:14
10
whom 2Sam 15:12-13; Hos 8:4
is dead 2Sam 18:14
speak ye not a word Heb. are ye silent, Judg 18:9
11
sent 2Sam 15:29, 2Sam 15:35-36; 1Kgs 2:25-26, 1Kgs 2:35
Speak 2Cor 5:20
Why are Matt 5:16; 2Thess 3:9
12
my bones 2Sam 5:1; Gen 2:23; Judg 9:2; Eph 5:30
13
Amasa 2Sam 17:25; 1Chr 2:16-17, 1Chr 12:18
God Ruth 1:17; 1Kgs 19:2
room of Joab 2Sam 19:5-7, 2Sam 3:29-30, 2Sam 8:16, 2Sam 18:11
14
he bowed The measures that he pursued were the best calculated that could be adopted for accomplishing this salutary end. David appears to take no notice of their infidelity, but rather to place confidence in them, that their confidence in him might be naturally excited; and to oblige them yet farther, purposes to make Amasa general of the army, instead of Joab.
even Judg 20:1; Ps 110:2-3; Acts 4:32
15
Gilgal Josh 5:9; 1Sam 11:14-15
16
Shimei It appears that Shimei was a powerful chieftain in the land; for he had here in his retinue no less than a thousand men. 2Sam 16:5-13; 1Kgs 2:8, 1Kgs 2:36-46
hasted Job 2:4; Prov 6:4-5; Matt 5:25
17
Ziba 2Sam 19:26-27, 2Sam 9:2, 2Sam 9:10, 2Sam 16:1-4
18
And there The LXX connecting this the with preceding verse, render, και κατευθυναν τον Ιορδανην εμπροσθεν του βασιλεως, και ελειτουργησαν την λειτουργιαν του διαβιβασαι τον βασιλεα, "and they made ready Jordan before the king, and did the necessary service to bring over the king."
The Vulgate has: et irrumpentes Jordanem, ante regem transierunt vada, ut traducerent domum regis, "and breaking into Jordan, they passed the fords before the king, to bring over the king's household." Josephus says they prepared a bridge over the Jordan, to facilitate his passage.
what he thought good Heb. the good in his eyes
fell down Ps 66:3, Ps 81:15; Rev 3:9
19
And said Eccl 10:4
Let not 1Sam 22:15; Ps 32:2; Rom 4:6-8; 2Cor 5:19
remember Ps 79:8; Isa 43:25; Jer 31:34
did perversely 2Sam 16:5-9, 2Sam 16:10-14; Exod 10:16-17; 1Sam 26:21; Matt 27:4
take it 2Sam 13:20, 2Sam 13:33; 1Sam 25:25
20
I am come Ps 78:34-37; Jer 22:23; Hos 5:15
Joseph 2Sam 19:9, 2Sam 16:5; Gen 48:14, Gen 48:20; 1Kgs 12:20, 1Kgs 12:25; Hos 4:15-17, Hos 5:3
21
Shall not Exod 22:28; 1Kgs 21:10-11
cursed 2Sam 16:5, 2Sam 16:7, 2Sam 16:13; 1Sam 24:6, 1Sam 26:9
22
What have 2Sam 3:39, 2Sam 16:10; 1Sam 26:8; Matt 8:29
shall there any man 1Sam 11:13; Isa 16:5; Luke 9:54-56
23
Thou shalt 1Kgs 2:8-9, 1Kgs 2:37, 1Kgs 2:46
sware 1Sam 28:10, 1Sam 30:15; Heb 6:16
24
Mephibosheth 2Sam 9:6, 2Sam 16:3
dressed his feet Literally, made his feet, which seems to mean washing the feet paring the nails, and perhaps anointing or otherwise perfuming them, if not tinging the nails with henna; see note on Deut 21:12. Sir John Chardin, in his manuscript note on this place, informs us, that it is customary in the East to have as much care of the feet as the hands; and that their barbers cut and adjust the nails with a proper instrument, because they often go barefoot. The nails of the toes of the mummies inspected in London in 1763, of which an account is given in the Philosophical Transactions for 1764, seem to have been tinged with some reddish colour. 2Sam 15:30; Isa 15:2; Jer 41:5; Matt 6:16; Rom 12:15; Heb 13:3
trimmed Literally, made his beard, which may mean, combing, curling, and perfuming it. But Mr. Morier says that they almost universally dye the beard black, by successive layers of a paste made of henna, and another made of the leaf of the indigo. The first tinging with an orange colour, and the next with a dark bottle green, which becomes jet black when exposed to the air for twenty-four hours.
25
Wherefore 2Sam 16:17
26
I will saddle 2Sam 16:2-3
thy servant 2Sam 4:4
27
slandered 2Sam 16:3; Exod 20:16; Ps 15:3, Ps 101:5; Jer 9:4
as an angel 2Sam 14:17, 2Sam 14:20; 1Sam 29:9
28
were Gen 32:10
dead men Heb. men of death, 1Sam 26:16
didst thou 2Sam 9:7-8, 2Sam 9:10, 2Sam 9:13
to cry 2Kgs 8:3
29
Why speakest Job 19:16-17; Prov 18:13; Acts 18:15
Thou Deut 19:17-19; Ps 82:2, Ps 101:5
30
Yea 2Sam 1:26; Acts 20:24; Phil 1:20
31
1Kgs 2:7; Ezra 2:61; Neh 7:63
32
fourscore Gen 5:27, Gen 9:29, Gen 25:7, Gen 47:28, Gen 50:26; Deut 34:7; Ps 90:3-10; Prov 16:31
provided 2Sam 17:27
for he was 1Sam 25:2; Job 1:3
33
Come thou 2Sam 9:11; Matt 25:34-40; Luke 22:28-30; 2Thess 1:7
34
How long have I to live Heb. How many days are the years of my life, Gen 47:9; Job 14:14; Ps 39:5-6; 1Cor 7:29; Jas 4:14
35
can I discern Job 6:30, Job 12:11; Heb 5:14; 1Pet 2:3
taste Eccl 12:1-5
I hear Ezra 2:65; Neh 7:67; Exod 2:8, Exod 12:4
a burden 2Sam 13:25, 2Sam 15:33
36
the king Luke 6:38
37
Let thy The whole of this little episode is extremely interesting, and contains an affecting description of the infirmities of old age. The venerable and kind Barzillai was fourscore years old; his ear was become dull of hearing, and his relish for even royal dainties was gone. The evil days had arrived in which he was constrained to say, "I have no pleasure in them" (Eccl 12:1). As he was too old either to enjoy the pleasures of a court, or to be of any further service to the king, he finishes his affecting address to the aged monarch with the request, that he would suffer him to enjoy what old men naturally desire, to "die in mine own city, and be buried by the grave of my father and mother;" at the same time commending his son Chimham to his kind offices.
I may die Gen 48:21; Josh 23:14; Luke 2:29-30; 2Tim 4:6; 2Pet 1:14
by the grave Gen 47:30, Gen 49:29-31, Gen 50:13; 1Kgs 13:22
Chimham 2Sam 19:40; 1Kgs 2:7; Jer 41:17
38
require Heb. choose, 2Sam 19:38
39
the king The kiss was the token of friendship and farewell; the blessing was a prayer to God for his prosperity. Probably a prophetical benediction.
kissed Barzillai Gen 31:55, Gen 45:15; Ruth 1:14; 1Kgs 19:20; Acts 20:37; 1Thess 5:26
blessed 2Sam 6:18, 2Sam 6:20, 2Sam 13:25; Gen 14:19, Gen 28:3, Gen 47:7, Gen 47:10; Luke 2:34
returned Gen 31:55; Num 24:25; 1Sam 24:22
40
Chimham Heb. Chimhan
all the people 2Sam 19:11-15; Gen 49:10; Matt 21:9
41
Why have Judg 8:1, Judg 12:1; John 7:5-6
stolen 2Sam 19:3; Gen 31:26-27
42
Because 2Sam 19:12, 2Sam 5:1; 1Chr 2:3-17
43
We have 2Sam 20:1, 2Sam 20:6; 1Kgs 12:16
ten parts 2Sam 5:1; Prov 13:10
despise us Heb. set us at light
our advice 2Sam 19:9, 2Sam 19:14; Gal 5:20, Gal 5:26; Phil 2:3
the words Judg 8:1, Judg 9:23, Judg 12:1-6; Prov 15:1, Prov 17:14, Prov 18:19; Rom 12:21; Gal 5:15, Gal 5:20; Jas 1:20, Jas 3:2-10, Jas 3:14-16, Jas 4:1-5; Whatever value or respect the men of Israel at this time professed for their king, they would not have quarrelled so fiercely about their own credit and interest in recalling him, if they had been truly sorry for their former rebellion.