Chapter 23

2
two Ezek 16:44, Ezek 16:46; Jer 3:7-10


3
in Egypt Ezek 20:8; Lev 17:7; Deut 29:16; Josh 24:14

in their Ezek 23:8, Ezek 23:19, Ezek 23:21, Ezek 16:22; Hos 2:15


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the names The kingdom of Israel, of which Samaria was the capital, containing ten tribes, and occupying a larger extent of country than that of Judah, is therefore called "her elder sister;" and Aholah, the name given to her, implies that the whole religious establishment in Israel was a human invention, a temple and service of their own, and not of God's appointment. Aholibah, the name given to Judah, implies that the worship established there was from God, and that His temple was truly at Jerusalem.

the elder Ezek 16:40; 1Kgs 12:20

they were Ezek 16:8, Ezek 16:20; Exod 19:5-6; Ps 45:11-16; Jer 2:2-3; Rom 7:4

Aholah that is, His tent, or tabernacle, 1Kgs 12:26-33; John 4:22

Aholibah that is, My tabernacle in her, 1Kgs 8:29; Ps 76:2, Ps 132:13-14


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Aholah The Israelites, in addition to their former gross idolatries, received the impure idolatrous worship of the Assyrians, who became their neighbours by the conquest of Syria. 1Kgs 14:9, 1Kgs 14:16, 1Kgs 15:26, 1Kgs 15:30, 1Kgs 16:31-32, 1Kgs 21:26; 2Kgs 17:7-18

doted Ezek 23:7, Ezek 23:9, Ezek 23:12, Ezek 23:16, Ezek 23:20, Ezek 16:37; Jer 50:38

on the Ezek 16:28; 2Kgs 15:19, 2Kgs 16:7, 2Kgs 17:3; Hos 5:13, Hos 8:9-10, Hos 10:6, Hos 12:1


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all of Ezek 23:12-15


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committed her whoredoms with them Heb. bestowed her whoredoms upon them, Ezek 16:15

the chosen men of Assyria Heb. the choice of the children of Asshur, Gen 10:22

with all their Ezek 23:30, Ezek 20:7, Ezek 22:3-4; Ps 106:39; Hos 5:3, Hos 6:10


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whoredoms Ezek 23:3, Ezek 23:19, Ezek 23:21; Exod 32:4; 1Kgs 12:28; 2Kgs 10:29, 2Kgs 17:16


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2Kgs 15:29, 2Kgs 17:3-6, 2Kgs 17:23, 2Kgs 18:9-12; 1Chr 5:26; Hos 11:5; Rev 17:12-13, Rev 17:16


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discovered Ezek 23:29, Ezek 16:37-41; Hos 2:3, Hos 2:10

they took Ezek 23:47

famous Heb. a name, Ezek 23:48; Jer 22:8-9


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her sister Ezek 23:4; Jer 3:8

was more corrupt in her inordinate love than she Heb. she corrupted her inordinate love more than she. her sister in her whoredoms. Heb. the whoredoms of her sister. Ezek 16:47-51; Jer 3:8-11


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upon Ezek 23:5, Ezek 16:28; 2Kgs 16:7-15; 2Chr 28:16-23

captains Ezek 23:6, Ezek 23:23


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that they Ezek 23:31; 2Kgs 17:18-19; Hos 12:1-2


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portrayed Ezek 8:10; Isa 46:1; Jer 50:2

vermilion Jer 22:14


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with girdles 1Sam 18:4; Isa 22:21

all of Judg 8:18; 2Sam 14:25

look to That is, "princes in appearance;" which seem to have been the deified men worshipped by the Chaldeans. The inhabitants of Judah, like the Israelites, connected themselves with the Assyrians, and were enamoured with their idols; and then with the Chaldeans, and followed their idols; still retaining their attachment to the Egyptians and their idolatrous rites.


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as soon as she saw them with her eyes Heb. at the sight of her eyes, Ezek 16:29; Gen 3:6, Gen 6:2, Gen 39:7; 2Sam 11:2; 2Kgs 24:1; Job 31:1; Ps 119:37; Prov 6:25, Prov 23:33; Matt 5:28

and sent Ezek 23:40-41, Ezek 16:17, Ezek 16:29; 2Pet 2:14


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Babylonians Heb. children of Babel, Gen 10:10, Gen 11:9

and her Ezek 23:22, Ezek 23:28, Ezek 16:37; 2Sam 13:15

alienated Heb. loosed, or disjointed


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discovered Ezek 16:36, Ezek 21:24; Isa 3:9; Jer 8:12; Hos 7:1

then Deut 32:19; Ps 78:59, Ps 106:40; Jer 6:8, Jer 12:8, Jer 15:1; Lam 2:7; Hos 2:2; Amos 6:8; Zech 11:8


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multiplied Ezek 23:14, Ezek 16:25, Ezek 16:29, Ezek 16:51; Amos 4:4

in calling Ezek 23:3, Ezek 23:8, Ezek 23:21, Ezek 16:22, Ezek 20:7


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Ezek 16:20, Ezek 16:26; Ezek 17:15; Jer 5:8


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I will raise Ezek 23:9, Ezek 23:28, Ezek 16:37; Isa 10:5-6, Isa 39:3-4; Hab 1:6-10; Rev 17:16

from Ezek 23:17

and I Jer 6:22-23, Jer 12:9-12


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Babylonians Ezek 21:19-27; 2Kgs 20:14-17, 2Kgs 25:1-3

the Chaldeans 2Kgs 24:2; Job 1:17; Isa 23:13; Acts 7:4

Pekod Jer 50:21

the Assyrians Gen 2:14, Gen 25:18; Ezra 6:22

desirable Ezek 23:6, Ezek 23:12


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with chariots Ezek 26:10; Jer 47:3; Nah 2:3-4, Nah 3:2-3

I will set Ezek 23:45, Ezek 16:38, Ezek 21:23; 2Sam 24:14; Jer 39:5-6


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I will set Ezek 5:13, Ezek 8:1-18, Ezek 16:38-42; Exod 34:14; Deut 29:20, Deut 32:21-22; Prov 6:34; Song 8:6; Zeph 1:18

they shall take away This refers to the severe vengeance which enraged husbands took on their faithless wives, and implies that God would employ the Chaldeans to destroy the princes and priests of Judah, for violating their covenants and treaties. Such punishments were anciently common; and such is the present practice in one of the South Sea Islands.

they shall take thy Ezek 23:47; Hos 2:4-5

thy residue Ezek 15:6-7, Ezek 20:47-48, Ezek 22:18-22; Rev 18:8


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strip Ezek 23:29, Ezek 16:16, Ezek 16:37, Ezek 16:39; Jer 13:22; Hos 2:3, Hos 2:9-10; Rev 17:16, Rev 18:14-17

fair jewels Heb. instruments of thy decking, Isa 3:17-24; 1Pet 3:3-4


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will I Ezek 16:41, Ezek 22:15; Isa 27:9; Mic 5:10-14; Zech 13:2

and thy Ezek 23:3, Ezek 23:19

so that These severe judgments shall effectually deter you from idolatry, and make you abhor the least approaches to it. This often repeated prediction has received a most wonderful accomplishment. For neither the authority, frowns, examples, or favour of their conquerors or powerful neighbours, nor their own fears, hopes, interests, or predilection for the sensual worship of idols, could prevail with them to run into gross idolatry, either during the captivity, or ever afterwards, to the present day, a period of 2,414 years.


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whom thou Ezek 23:17, Ezek 23:22, Ezek 16:37; Jer 21:7-10, Jer 24:8, Jer 34:20


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deal Ezek 23:25-26, Ezek 23:45-47, Ezek 16:39; Deut 28:47-51; 2Sam 13:15

the nakedness Ezek 23:18, Ezek 16:36-37


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thou hast Ezek 23:12-21, Ezek 6:9; Ps 106:35-38; Jer 2:18-20, Jer 16:11-12, Jer 22:8-9

because thou art Ezek 23:7, Ezek 23:17


31
walked Ezek 23:13, Ezek 16:47-51; Jer 3:8-11

her 2Kgs 21:13; Jer 7:14-15; Dan 9:12


32
drink Ps 60:3; Isa 51:17; Jer 25:15-28, Jer 48:26; Matt 20:22-23; Rev 16:19; Rev 18:6

thou shalt be Ezek 22:4-5, Ezek 25:6, Ezek 26:2, Ezek 35:15, Ezek 36:3; Deut 28:37; 1Kgs 9:7; Ps 79:3; Jer 25:9; Lam 2:15-16; Mic 7:8


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filled Jer 25:27; Hab 2:16

with the cup of astonishment Isa 51:17, Isa 51:22


34
drink Ps 75:8; Isa 51:17

and pluck Ezek 23:3, Ezek 23:8; Rev 18:7


35
Because Ezek 22:12; Isa 17:10; Jer 2:32, Jer 3:21, Jer 13:25, Jer 23:27, Jer 32:33; Hos 8:14, Hos 13:6; Rom 1:28

and cast 1Kgs 14:9; Neh 9:26

therefore Ezek 23:45-49, Ezek 7:4, Ezek 44:10; Lev 24:15; Num 14:34, Num 18:22


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wilt Ezek 20:4, Ezek 22:2; Jer 1:10; 1Cor 6:2-3

judge or, plead for, Jer 11:14, Jer 14:11

Aholah Ezek 23:4

declare Ezek 16:2; Isa 58:1; Hos 2:2; Mic 3:8-11; Matt 23:13-35; Luke 11:39-52; Acts 7:51-53


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they have Ezek 23:5, Ezek 16:32; Hos 1:2, Hos 3:1

and blood Ezek 23:39, Ezek 23:45, Ezek 16:36, Ezek 16:38, Ezek 22:2-4, Ezek 24:6-9; 2Kgs 24:4; Ps 106:37-38; Isa 1:15; Jer 7:6, Jer 7:9; Hos 4:2; Mic 3:10; Luke 13:34

have also Ezek 23:4, Ezek 16:20-21, Ezek 16:36, Ezek 16:45, Ezek 20:26, Ezek 20:31; Lev 18:21, Lev 20:2-5; Deut 12:31; 2Kgs 17:17, 2Kgs 21:6; Jer 7:31, Jer 32:35


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they have Ezek 7:20, Ezek 8:5-16; 2Kgs 21:4, 2Kgs 21:7, 2Kgs 23:11-12

and have Ezek 20:13, Ezek 20:24, Ezek 22:8; Neh 13:17-18; Jer 17:27


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they came Isa 3:9; Jer 7:8-11, Jer 11:15; Mic 3:11; John 18:28

thus Ezek 23:38, Ezek 44:7; 2Kgs 21:4; 2Chr 33:4-7; Jer 23:11


40
ye have Ezek 23:13; Isa 57:9

to come Heb. coming, 2Kgs 20:13-15

thou didst Ruth 3:3; Esth 2:12

paintedst Kachalt aineych rendered by the LXX εστιβιζου τους οφθαλμους σου; "thou didst paint thine eyes with stibium," and Vulgate circumlinisti stibio oculos tuos "thou didst paint round thine eyes with stibium," or lead ore; whence it is called in Arabic kochl and in Syriac kecholo and koochlȯ 2Kgs 9:30; Jer 4:30

and deckedst Ezek 16:13-16; Prov 7:10; Isa 3:18-23


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stately Heb. honourable, Esth 1:6; Prov 7:16-17; Isa 57:7; Amos 2:8, Amos 6:4

a table Ezek 44:16; Isa 65:11; Mal 1:7

whereupon Ezek 16:18-19; Prov 7:17; Jer 44:17; Hos 2:8-9


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a voice This seems to be an account of an idolatrous festival, perhaps that of Bacchus; in which a riotous and drunken multitude assembled, adorned with bracelets and chaplets, accompanied with music, songs, and dances. Exod 32:6, Exod 32:18-19; Hos 13:6; Amos 6:1-6

common sort Heb. multitude of men

were brought Job 1:15; Joel 3:8

Sabeans or, drunkards

bracelets Ezek 16:11-12; Rev 12:3


43
old Ezra 9:7; Ps 106:6; Jer 13:23; Dan 9:16

whoredoms with her Heb. her whoredoms


44
so went Ezek 23:3, Ezek 23:9-13


45
the righteous The Chaldeans, so called, because appointed by God to execute his judgment on these criminals. Ezek 23:36; Jer 5:14; Hos 6:5; Zech 1:6; John 8:3-7

after the manner of adulteresses Ezek 23:37-39, Ezek 16:38-43; Lev 20:10, Lev 21:9; Deut 22:21-24; John 8:7

because Ezek 23:37


46
I will Ezek 23:22-26, Ezek 16:40; Jer 25:9

to be removed and spoiled Heb. for a removing and spoil, Jer 15:4, Jer 24:9, Jer 34:17


47
the company Ezek 23:25, Ezek 23:29, Ezek 9:6, Ezek 16:41; Jer 33:4-5

dispatch them or, single them out, Ezek 24:6

shall slay Ezek 24:21; 2Chr 36:17-19

and burn Deut 13:16; Jer 39:8, Jer 52:13


48
I cause Ezek 23:27, Ezek 6:6, Ezek 22:15, Ezek 36:25; Mic 5:11-14; Zeph 1:3

that Ezek 5:15, Ezek 16:41; Deut 13:11; Isa 26:9; 1Cor 10:6-11; 2Pet 2:6


49
they shall Ezek 7:4, Ezek 7:9, Ezek 9:10, Ezek 11:21, Ezek 16:43, Ezek 22:31; Isa 59:18

ye shall bear Ezek 23:35

and ye shall know Ezek 6:7, Ezek 20:38, Ezek 20:42, Ezek 20:44, Ezek 25:5; Ps 9:16


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