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Chapter 12
1
these are 1Sam 27:2, 1Sam 27:6; 2Sam 1:1, 2Sam 4:10
while he yet etc. Heb. being yet shut up, Sometimes, in the East, when a successful prince endeavoured to extirpate the preceding royal family, some of them escaped the slaughter, and secured themselves in an impregnable fortress, or in a place of great secrecy; while others have been known to seek an asylum in a foreign county, from when they have occasioned, from time to time, great anxiety and great difficulties to the usurper of the crown. The expression shut up, so often applied to the extermination of eastern royal families (Deut 32:32. 1Kgs 14:10; 1Kgs 21:21. 2Kgs 9:8; 2Kgs 14:26), strictly speaking, refers to the two first of these cases; but the term may be used in a more extensive sense, for those who, by retiring into deserts, or foreign countries, preserve themselves from being slain by the men who usurp the dominions of their ancestors. Thus the term is here applied to David, though he did not shut himself up, strictly speaking, in Ziklag. It is described as a town in the country, and was probably an unwalled town; and it is certain that he did not confine himself to it, but, on the contrary, was continually making excursions from thence.
Saul 1Chr 8:33, 1Chr 9:39
the mighty 1Chr 11:10, 1Chr 11:19, 1Chr 11:24-25
2
could use Judg 3:15, Judg 20:16
in hurling 1Sam 17:49
3
Shemaah or, Hasmaah
Gibeathite 1Sam 11:4; 2Sam 21:6
Azmaveth 1Chr 11:33
the Antothite 1Chr 11:28
4
Gibeonite Josh 9:3, Josh 9:17-23
a mighty man 1Chr 11:15
Gederathite Josh 15:36
7
Gedor 1Chr 4:18, 1Chr 4:39; Josh 15:58
8
into the hold 1Chr 12:16, 1Chr 11:16; 1Sam 23:14, 1Sam 23:29, 1Sam 24:22
of war Heb. of the host
handle 2Chr 25:5; Jer 46:9
whose faces 1Chr 11:22; 2Sam 1:23, 2Sam 17:10, 2Sam 23:20; Prov 28:1
as swift as the roes upon the mountains Heb. as the roes upon the mountains to make haste, 2Sam 2:18; Prov 6:5; Song 8:14
14
one of the least was over an hundred, and the greatest over a thousand or, one that was least could resist an hundred, the greatest a thousand. Lev 26:8; Deut 32:30
15
it had overflown Heb. it had filled over, Josh 3:15, Josh 4:18; Jer 12:5, Jer 49:19
16
the children 1Chr 12:2
the hold 1Chr 12:8
17
to meet them Heb. before them
If ye be come 1Sam 16:4; 2Sam 3:20-25; 1Kgs 2:13; 2Kgs 9:22; Ps 12:1-2
heart 1Sam 18:1, 1Sam 18:3; 2Kgs 10:15; Ps 86:11; 2Cor 13:11; Phil 1:27
knit Heb. one, Jer 32:39; Acts 4:32; 1Cor 1:10
wrong or, violence
God Gen 31:42, Gen 31:53; 1Sam 24:11-17, 1Sam 26:23-24; Ps 7:6; 1Pet 2:23
rebuke it Zech 3:2; Jude 1:9
18
the spirit Judg 6:34, Judg 13:25; Isa 59:17
came upon Amasai Heb. clothed Amasai, 1Chr 2:17; 2Sam 17:25, 2Sam 19:13, 2Sam 20:4-8, Amasa, Thine are we. 2Kgs 10:5, and on they side, Ruth 1:16; 2Sam 15:21; 2Kgs 9:32; Matt 12:30
peace Gal 6:16; Eph 6:23-24
thy God 1Sam 25:28-29; 2Sam 5:2; Zech 8:23; John 6:67-68
captains of the band 1Sam 8:12, 1Sam 22:7; 1Kgs 9:22
19
when he came 1Sam 29:2-4
to the jeopardy of our heads Heb. on our heads
20
As he went These captains of Manasseh seem to have met David as he was returning from the army of the Philistines to Ziklag. It is probable that they did not bring their companies with them; yet they both assured him of future assistance, and very seasonably helped him against the Amalekites who had spoiled Ziklag. 1Sam 29:11
captains Exod 18:21; Deut 1:15, Deut 33:17
21
against the band or, with a band, 1Sam 30:1-17
mighty men 1Chr 12:20, 1Chr 5:24, 1Chr 11:10, 1Chr 11:21-22
22
day by day 2Sam 2:2-4, 2Sam 3:1; Job 17:9
like the host of God That is, says the Targumist, a very numerous army, like the army of the angel of God. Gen 32:2; Josh 5:14; Ps 148:2
23
am 2956, bc 1048, An, Ex, Is, 433
the numbers 1Chr 11:1-3; 2Sam 2:3-4, 2Sam 5:1-3
bands or, captains, or men, Heb. heads
came to David Some learned men understand this as relating to the time when David was make king over Judah, on his first coming to Hebron, but it seems wholly to refer to his being made king over all Israel, after the death of Ishbosheth; for there was no such union or assembly of the several tribes on the former occasion, as is here described.
to turn 1Chr 10:14
according 1Chr 11:10; 1Sam 16:1, 1Sam 16:3, 1Sam 16:12-13; 2Sam 3:18; Ps 2:6, Ps 89:19-20
24
armed or, prepared
27
the leader 1Chr 9:20; 2Kgs 11:4, 2Kgs 11:9, 2Kgs 25:18
Aaronites 1Chr 6:49-57, 1Chr 27:17
28
Zadok 1Chr 6:8, 1Chr 6:53; 2Sam 8:17; 1Kgs 1:8, 1Kgs 2:35; Ezek 44:15
29
kindred Heb. brethren, 1Chr 12:2; Gen 31:23
the greatest part of them Heb. a multitude of them, 2Sam 2:8-9
30
famous Heb. men of names, Gen 6:4
31
the half tribe Josh 17:1-18
32
understanding of the times That is, as the following words indicate, intelligent men, who understood the signs of the times, well versed in political affairs, and knew what was proper to be done in all the exigencies of human life; and who now perceived that it was both the duty and political interest of Israel to advance David to the throne. Gen 49:14; Esth 1:13; Isa 22:12-14, Isa 33:6; Mic 6:9; Matt 16:3; Luke 12:56-57
to know Prov 14:8; Eph 5:17
all their Prov 24:5; Eccl 7:19, Eccl 9:18
33
expert in war or, rangers of battle, or ranged in battle, keep rank. or, set the battle in array. they were not of double heart. Heb. they were without a heart and a heart. That is, they were all sincerely affected towards David, though so numerous. Ps 12:2; John 1:47
36
expert in war or, keeping their rank, 1Chr 12:33; Joel 2:7
37
the other side 1Chr 5:1-10; Num 32:33-42; Deut 3:12-16; Josh 13:7-32, Josh 14:3, Josh 22:1-10
38
with a perfect heart The meaning of this expression may be inferred from that of a double heart in 1Chr 12:33. If a double heart be expressive of insincerity or duplicity, a perfect heart, which seems to be put in opposition to it, must signify a sincere, faithful, and entire attachment. 1Kgs 8:61, 1Kgs 11:4; 2Kgs 20:3; Ps 101:2
all the rest 1Chr 12:17-18; Gen 49:8-10; 2Chr 30:12; Ps 110:3; Ezek 11:19
39
eating and drinking Gen 26:30, Gen 31:54; 2Sam 6:19, 2Sam 19:42
40
brought The Septuagint reads εφερον αυτιος, "brought (to) them" which is probably correct; the Hebrew lahem, "to them" might be easily mistaken for lechem, "bread." The passage will then read, "bought them on asses, on camels, and on mules, and on oxen, meat, meal, cakes of figs," etc., which renders the introduction of and unnecessary. From the mention of oil, figs, and raisins, Mr. Harmer thinks that this assembly was held in autumn. 2Sam 16:1, 2Sam 17:27-29
meat, meal or, victual of meal
cakes of figs 1Sam 25:18
there was joy 1Kgs 1:40; 2Kgs 11:20; Prov 11:10, Prov 29:2; Jer 23:5-6; Luke 19:37-38; Rev 19:5-7
1
these are 1Sam 27:2, 1Sam 27:6; 2Sam 1:1, 2Sam 4:10
while he yet etc. Heb. being yet shut up, Sometimes, in the East, when a successful prince endeavoured to extirpate the preceding royal family, some of them escaped the slaughter, and secured themselves in an impregnable fortress, or in a place of great secrecy; while others have been known to seek an asylum in a foreign county, from when they have occasioned, from time to time, great anxiety and great difficulties to the usurper of the crown. The expression shut up, so often applied to the extermination of eastern royal families (Deut 32:32. 1Kgs 14:10; 1Kgs 21:21. 2Kgs 9:8; 2Kgs 14:26), strictly speaking, refers to the two first of these cases; but the term may be used in a more extensive sense, for those who, by retiring into deserts, or foreign countries, preserve themselves from being slain by the men who usurp the dominions of their ancestors. Thus the term is here applied to David, though he did not shut himself up, strictly speaking, in Ziklag. It is described as a town in the country, and was probably an unwalled town; and it is certain that he did not confine himself to it, but, on the contrary, was continually making excursions from thence.
Saul 1Chr 8:33, 1Chr 9:39
the mighty 1Chr 11:10, 1Chr 11:19, 1Chr 11:24-25
2
could use Judg 3:15, Judg 20:16
in hurling 1Sam 17:49
3
Shemaah or, Hasmaah
Gibeathite 1Sam 11:4; 2Sam 21:6
Azmaveth 1Chr 11:33
the Antothite 1Chr 11:28
4
Gibeonite Josh 9:3, Josh 9:17-23
a mighty man 1Chr 11:15
Gederathite Josh 15:36
7
Gedor 1Chr 4:18, 1Chr 4:39; Josh 15:58
8
into the hold 1Chr 12:16, 1Chr 11:16; 1Sam 23:14, 1Sam 23:29, 1Sam 24:22
of war Heb. of the host
handle 2Chr 25:5; Jer 46:9
whose faces 1Chr 11:22; 2Sam 1:23, 2Sam 17:10, 2Sam 23:20; Prov 28:1
as swift as the roes upon the mountains Heb. as the roes upon the mountains to make haste, 2Sam 2:18; Prov 6:5; Song 8:14
14
one of the least was over an hundred, and the greatest over a thousand or, one that was least could resist an hundred, the greatest a thousand. Lev 26:8; Deut 32:30
15
it had overflown Heb. it had filled over, Josh 3:15, Josh 4:18; Jer 12:5, Jer 49:19
16
the children 1Chr 12:2
the hold 1Chr 12:8
17
to meet them Heb. before them
If ye be come 1Sam 16:4; 2Sam 3:20-25; 1Kgs 2:13; 2Kgs 9:22; Ps 12:1-2
heart 1Sam 18:1, 1Sam 18:3; 2Kgs 10:15; Ps 86:11; 2Cor 13:11; Phil 1:27
knit Heb. one, Jer 32:39; Acts 4:32; 1Cor 1:10
wrong or, violence
God Gen 31:42, Gen 31:53; 1Sam 24:11-17, 1Sam 26:23-24; Ps 7:6; 1Pet 2:23
rebuke it Zech 3:2; Jude 1:9
18
the spirit Judg 6:34, Judg 13:25; Isa 59:17
came upon Amasai Heb. clothed Amasai, 1Chr 2:17; 2Sam 17:25, 2Sam 19:13, 2Sam 20:4-8, Amasa, Thine are we. 2Kgs 10:5, and on they side, Ruth 1:16; 2Sam 15:21; 2Kgs 9:32; Matt 12:30
peace Gal 6:16; Eph 6:23-24
thy God 1Sam 25:28-29; 2Sam 5:2; Zech 8:23; John 6:67-68
captains of the band 1Sam 8:12, 1Sam 22:7; 1Kgs 9:22
19
when he came 1Sam 29:2-4
to the jeopardy of our heads Heb. on our heads
20
As he went These captains of Manasseh seem to have met David as he was returning from the army of the Philistines to Ziklag. It is probable that they did not bring their companies with them; yet they both assured him of future assistance, and very seasonably helped him against the Amalekites who had spoiled Ziklag. 1Sam 29:11
captains Exod 18:21; Deut 1:15, Deut 33:17
21
against the band or, with a band, 1Sam 30:1-17
mighty men 1Chr 12:20, 1Chr 5:24, 1Chr 11:10, 1Chr 11:21-22
22
day by day 2Sam 2:2-4, 2Sam 3:1; Job 17:9
like the host of God That is, says the Targumist, a very numerous army, like the army of the angel of God. Gen 32:2; Josh 5:14; Ps 148:2
23
am 2956, bc 1048, An, Ex, Is, 433
the numbers 1Chr 11:1-3; 2Sam 2:3-4, 2Sam 5:1-3
bands or, captains, or men, Heb. heads
came to David Some learned men understand this as relating to the time when David was make king over Judah, on his first coming to Hebron, but it seems wholly to refer to his being made king over all Israel, after the death of Ishbosheth; for there was no such union or assembly of the several tribes on the former occasion, as is here described.
to turn 1Chr 10:14
according 1Chr 11:10; 1Sam 16:1, 1Sam 16:3, 1Sam 16:12-13; 2Sam 3:18; Ps 2:6, Ps 89:19-20
24
armed or, prepared
27
the leader 1Chr 9:20; 2Kgs 11:4, 2Kgs 11:9, 2Kgs 25:18
Aaronites 1Chr 6:49-57, 1Chr 27:17
28
Zadok 1Chr 6:8, 1Chr 6:53; 2Sam 8:17; 1Kgs 1:8, 1Kgs 2:35; Ezek 44:15
29
kindred Heb. brethren, 1Chr 12:2; Gen 31:23
the greatest part of them Heb. a multitude of them, 2Sam 2:8-9
30
famous Heb. men of names, Gen 6:4
31
the half tribe Josh 17:1-18
32
understanding of the times That is, as the following words indicate, intelligent men, who understood the signs of the times, well versed in political affairs, and knew what was proper to be done in all the exigencies of human life; and who now perceived that it was both the duty and political interest of Israel to advance David to the throne. Gen 49:14; Esth 1:13; Isa 22:12-14, Isa 33:6; Mic 6:9; Matt 16:3; Luke 12:56-57
to know Prov 14:8; Eph 5:17
all their Prov 24:5; Eccl 7:19, Eccl 9:18
33
expert in war or, rangers of battle, or ranged in battle, keep rank. or, set the battle in array. they were not of double heart. Heb. they were without a heart and a heart. That is, they were all sincerely affected towards David, though so numerous. Ps 12:2; John 1:47
36
expert in war or, keeping their rank, 1Chr 12:33; Joel 2:7
37
the other side 1Chr 5:1-10; Num 32:33-42; Deut 3:12-16; Josh 13:7-32, Josh 14:3, Josh 22:1-10
38
with a perfect heart The meaning of this expression may be inferred from that of a double heart in 1Chr 12:33. If a double heart be expressive of insincerity or duplicity, a perfect heart, which seems to be put in opposition to it, must signify a sincere, faithful, and entire attachment. 1Kgs 8:61, 1Kgs 11:4; 2Kgs 20:3; Ps 101:2
all the rest 1Chr 12:17-18; Gen 49:8-10; 2Chr 30:12; Ps 110:3; Ezek 11:19
39
eating and drinking Gen 26:30, Gen 31:54; 2Sam 6:19, 2Sam 19:42
40
brought The Septuagint reads εφερον αυτιος, "brought (to) them" which is probably correct; the Hebrew lahem, "to them" might be easily mistaken for lechem, "bread." The passage will then read, "bought them on asses, on camels, and on mules, and on oxen, meat, meal, cakes of figs," etc., which renders the introduction of and unnecessary. From the mention of oil, figs, and raisins, Mr. Harmer thinks that this assembly was held in autumn. 2Sam 16:1, 2Sam 17:27-29
meat, meal or, victual of meal
cakes of figs 1Sam 25:18
there was joy 1Kgs 1:40; 2Kgs 11:20; Prov 11:10, Prov 29:2; Jer 23:5-6; Luke 19:37-38; Rev 19:5-7