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Chapter 1
1
the judges Judg 2:16, Judg 12:8
ruled Heb. judged
a famine Gen 12:10, Gen 26:1, Gen 43:1; Lev 26:19; Deut 28:23-24, Deut 28:38; 2Sam 21:1; 1Kgs 17:1-12, 1Kgs 18:2; 2Kgs 8:1-2; Ps 105:16, Ps 107:34; Jer 14:1; Ezek 14:13, Ezek 14:21; Joel 1:10-11, Joel 1:16-20; Amos 4:6, Beth-lehem-judah, Judg 17:8, Judg 19:1-2
2
Elimelech The Rabbins say, that Elimelech was the son of Salmon, who married Rahab; and that Naomi was his niece.
Naomi Ruth 1:20
Mahlon It is imagined, and not without probability, that Mahlon and Chilion are the same with Joash and Saraph, mentioned in 1Chr 4:22.
Ephrathites Gen 35:19; 1Sam 1:1, 1Sam 17:21; Mic 5:2
continued Heb. were
3
and she was 2Kgs 4:1; Ps 34:19; Heb 12:6, Heb 12:10-11
4
they took The Targum says, "they transgressed the decree of the word of the Lord, and took to them strange women."
wives Deut 7:3, Deut 23:3; 1Kgs 11:1-2
Ruth Matt 1:5
5
am 2696, bc 1308, An, Ex, Is, 183
Mahlon Deut 32:39; Ps 89:30-32; Jer 2:19
died The Targum adds, "And because they transgressed the decree of the word of the Lord, and joined affinity with strange people, therefore their days were cut off."
and the woman Isa 49:21; Matt 22:25-27; Luke 7:12
6
visited Gen 21:1, Gen 50:25; Exod 3:16, Exod 4:31; 1Sam 2:21; Luke 1:68, Luke 19:44; 1Pet 2:12
in giving Gen 28:20, Gen 48:15; Exod 16:4-6; Ps 104:14-15, Ps 111:5, Ps 132:15, Ps 145:15; Ps 146:7, Ps 147:14; Prov 30:8; Isa 55:10; Matt 6:11; 1Tim 6:8
7
she went 2Kgs 8:3
they went Ruth 1:10, Ruth 1:14; Exod 18:27
8
Go Josh 24:15-28; Luke 14:25-33
the Lord Phil 4:18-19; 2Tim 1:16-18
the dead Ruth 1:5, Ruth 2:20; Eph 5:22, Eph 6:2-3; Col 3:18, Col 3:24
9
rest Ruth 3:1
she kissed Gen 27:27, Gen 29:11, Gen 45:15; Acts 20:37
10
Surely Ps 16:3, Ps 119:63; Zech 8:23
11
are there This alludes to the custom that when a married brother died, without leaving posterity, his brother should take his widow; and the children of such marriages were accounted those of the deceased brother. This address of Naomi to her daughter-in-law is exceedingly tender, persuasive, and affecting.
that they Gen 38:11; Deut 25:5
12
too old Gen 17:17; 1Tim 5:9
I should have or, I were with
13
tarry Heb. hope
it grieveth me much Heb. I have much bitterness
the hand Deut 2:15; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 5:11; Job 19:21; Ps 32:4, Ps 38:2, Ps 39:9-10
14
Orpah Gen 31:28, Gen 31:55; 1Kgs 19:20; Matt 10:37, Matt 19:22; Mark 10:21-22; 2Tim 4:10
but Ruth The LXX add, και επεστρεψεν εις τον λαον αυτης, "and returned to her own people." The Vulgate, Syriac, and Arabic are to the same purpose. It seems a very natural addition, and agrees with the assertion in the next verse; and is accordingly adopted by Houbigant as a part of the text. Deut 4:4, Deut 10:20; Prov 17:17, Prov 18:24; Isa 14:1; Zech 8:23; Matt 16:24; John 6:66-69; Acts 17:34; Heb 10:39
15
gone back Ps 36:3, Ps 125:5; Zeph 1:6; Matt 13:20-21; Heb 10:38; 1John 2:19
and unto They were probably both idolaters at this time. That they were proselytes is an unfounded conjecture; and the conversion of Ruth now only commenced.
her gods Judg 11:24
return Josh 24:15, Josh 24:19; 2Sam 15:19-20; 2Kgs 2:2; Luke 14:26-33, Luke 24:28
16
Ruth A more perfect surrender of friendly feelings to a friend was never made. This was a most extraordinary and disinterested attachment.
Entreat me not or, Be not against me
to leave 2Kgs 2:2-6; Luke 24:28-29; Acts 21:13
whither 2Sam 15:21; Matt 8:19; John 13:37; Rev 14:4
thy people Ruth 2:11-12; Ps 45:10; Isa 14:1
thy God Josh 24:18; Dan 2:47, Dan 3:29, Dan 4:37; Hos 13:4; 2Cor 6:16-18; 1Thess 1:9
17
the lord 1Sam 3:17, 1Sam 25:22; 2Sam 3:9, 2Sam 3:35, 2Sam 19:13; 1Kgs 2:23, 1Kgs 19:2, 1Kgs 20:10; 2Kgs 6:31
but death Acts 11:23, Acts 20:24
18
When Acts 21:14
was stedfastly minded Heb. strengthened herself, Acts 2:42; Eph 6:10
19
all the city From this it would appear that Naomi was not only well known, but also highly respected at Beth-lehem. A proof that Elimelech was of high consideration at that place. Matt 21:10
Is this Naomi Isa 23:7; Lam 2:15
20
Naomi that is, Pleasant
Mara that is, Bitter
the Almighty Gen 17:1, Gen 43:14; Job 5:17, Job 11:7; Rev 1:8, Rev 21:22
dealt Job 6:4, Job 19:6; Ps 73:14, Ps 88:15; Isa 38:13; Lam 3:1-20; Heb 12:11
21
and the 1Sam 2:7-8; Job 1:21
the Lord Job 10:17, Job 13:26, Job 16:8; Mal 3:5
22
in the beginning At the beginning of Spring; for the barley harvest began immediately after the passover, and that festival was held on the 15th of Nisan, corresponding nearly with our March Ruth 2:23; Exod 9:31-32; 2Sam 21:9
1
the judges Judg 2:16, Judg 12:8
ruled Heb. judged
a famine Gen 12:10, Gen 26:1, Gen 43:1; Lev 26:19; Deut 28:23-24, Deut 28:38; 2Sam 21:1; 1Kgs 17:1-12, 1Kgs 18:2; 2Kgs 8:1-2; Ps 105:16, Ps 107:34; Jer 14:1; Ezek 14:13, Ezek 14:21; Joel 1:10-11, Joel 1:16-20; Amos 4:6, Beth-lehem-judah, Judg 17:8, Judg 19:1-2
2
Elimelech The Rabbins say, that Elimelech was the son of Salmon, who married Rahab; and that Naomi was his niece.
Naomi Ruth 1:20
Mahlon It is imagined, and not without probability, that Mahlon and Chilion are the same with Joash and Saraph, mentioned in 1Chr 4:22.
Ephrathites Gen 35:19; 1Sam 1:1, 1Sam 17:21; Mic 5:2
continued Heb. were
3
and she was 2Kgs 4:1; Ps 34:19; Heb 12:6, Heb 12:10-11
4
they took The Targum says, "they transgressed the decree of the word of the Lord, and took to them strange women."
wives Deut 7:3, Deut 23:3; 1Kgs 11:1-2
Ruth Matt 1:5
5
am 2696, bc 1308, An, Ex, Is, 183
Mahlon Deut 32:39; Ps 89:30-32; Jer 2:19
died The Targum adds, "And because they transgressed the decree of the word of the Lord, and joined affinity with strange people, therefore their days were cut off."
and the woman Isa 49:21; Matt 22:25-27; Luke 7:12
6
visited Gen 21:1, Gen 50:25; Exod 3:16, Exod 4:31; 1Sam 2:21; Luke 1:68, Luke 19:44; 1Pet 2:12
in giving Gen 28:20, Gen 48:15; Exod 16:4-6; Ps 104:14-15, Ps 111:5, Ps 132:15, Ps 145:15; Ps 146:7, Ps 147:14; Prov 30:8; Isa 55:10; Matt 6:11; 1Tim 6:8
7
she went 2Kgs 8:3
they went Ruth 1:10, Ruth 1:14; Exod 18:27
8
Go Josh 24:15-28; Luke 14:25-33
the Lord Phil 4:18-19; 2Tim 1:16-18
the dead Ruth 1:5, Ruth 2:20; Eph 5:22, Eph 6:2-3; Col 3:18, Col 3:24
9
rest Ruth 3:1
she kissed Gen 27:27, Gen 29:11, Gen 45:15; Acts 20:37
10
Surely Ps 16:3, Ps 119:63; Zech 8:23
11
are there This alludes to the custom that when a married brother died, without leaving posterity, his brother should take his widow; and the children of such marriages were accounted those of the deceased brother. This address of Naomi to her daughter-in-law is exceedingly tender, persuasive, and affecting.
that they Gen 38:11; Deut 25:5
12
too old Gen 17:17; 1Tim 5:9
I should have or, I were with
13
tarry Heb. hope
it grieveth me much Heb. I have much bitterness
the hand Deut 2:15; Judg 2:15; 1Sam 5:11; Job 19:21; Ps 32:4, Ps 38:2, Ps 39:9-10
14
Orpah Gen 31:28, Gen 31:55; 1Kgs 19:20; Matt 10:37, Matt 19:22; Mark 10:21-22; 2Tim 4:10
but Ruth The LXX add, και επεστρεψεν εις τον λαον αυτης, "and returned to her own people." The Vulgate, Syriac, and Arabic are to the same purpose. It seems a very natural addition, and agrees with the assertion in the next verse; and is accordingly adopted by Houbigant as a part of the text. Deut 4:4, Deut 10:20; Prov 17:17, Prov 18:24; Isa 14:1; Zech 8:23; Matt 16:24; John 6:66-69; Acts 17:34; Heb 10:39
15
gone back Ps 36:3, Ps 125:5; Zeph 1:6; Matt 13:20-21; Heb 10:38; 1John 2:19
and unto They were probably both idolaters at this time. That they were proselytes is an unfounded conjecture; and the conversion of Ruth now only commenced.
her gods Judg 11:24
return Josh 24:15, Josh 24:19; 2Sam 15:19-20; 2Kgs 2:2; Luke 14:26-33, Luke 24:28
16
Ruth A more perfect surrender of friendly feelings to a friend was never made. This was a most extraordinary and disinterested attachment.
Entreat me not or, Be not against me
to leave 2Kgs 2:2-6; Luke 24:28-29; Acts 21:13
whither 2Sam 15:21; Matt 8:19; John 13:37; Rev 14:4
thy people Ruth 2:11-12; Ps 45:10; Isa 14:1
thy God Josh 24:18; Dan 2:47, Dan 3:29, Dan 4:37; Hos 13:4; 2Cor 6:16-18; 1Thess 1:9
17
the lord 1Sam 3:17, 1Sam 25:22; 2Sam 3:9, 2Sam 3:35, 2Sam 19:13; 1Kgs 2:23, 1Kgs 19:2, 1Kgs 20:10; 2Kgs 6:31
but death Acts 11:23, Acts 20:24
18
When Acts 21:14
was stedfastly minded Heb. strengthened herself, Acts 2:42; Eph 6:10
19
all the city From this it would appear that Naomi was not only well known, but also highly respected at Beth-lehem. A proof that Elimelech was of high consideration at that place. Matt 21:10
Is this Naomi Isa 23:7; Lam 2:15
20
Naomi that is, Pleasant
Mara that is, Bitter
the Almighty Gen 17:1, Gen 43:14; Job 5:17, Job 11:7; Rev 1:8, Rev 21:22
dealt Job 6:4, Job 19:6; Ps 73:14, Ps 88:15; Isa 38:13; Lam 3:1-20; Heb 12:11
21
and the 1Sam 2:7-8; Job 1:21
the Lord Job 10:17, Job 13:26, Job 16:8; Mal 3:5
22
in the beginning At the beginning of Spring; for the barley harvest began immediately after the passover, and that festival was held on the 15th of Nisan, corresponding nearly with our March Ruth 2:23; Exod 9:31-32; 2Sam 21:9