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Chapter 35
1
Num 22:1, Num 26:63, Num 31:12, Num 33:50, Num 36:13
2
Lev 25:32-33; Josh 14:3-4, Josh 21:2-42; Ezek 45:1-8, Ezek 48:8, Ezek 48:22; 1Cor 9:10-14
3
Josh 21:11; 2Chr 11:14; Ezek 45:2
4
thousand cubits The Septuagint reads δισχιλιους πηχεις "two thousand cubits," as in the following verse; but this reading is not acknowledged by any other ancient version, except the Coptic, nor by any of the manuscripts collated by Kennicott and De Rossi. Various modes have been proposed for reconciling the accounts in these two verses, which appear in general to require full as much explanation as the text itself. The explanation of Maimonides is the only one that is intelligible, and appears perfectly satisfactory. "The suburbs," says he, "of the cities are expressed in the law to be 3,000 cubits on every side, from the wall of the city and outwards. The first 1,000 cubits are the suburbs; and the 2,000, which they measured without the suburbs, were for fields and vineyards."
6
six cities for refuge Num 35:13-14; Deut 4:41-43; Josh 20:2-9, Josh 21:3, Josh 21:13, Josh 21:21, Josh 21:27, Josh 21:32, Josh 21:36, Josh 21:38; Ps 9:9; Ps 62:7-8, Ps 142:4-5; Isa 4:6; Matt 11:28; Heb 6:18
to them ye shall add Heb. above them ye shall give
7
Josh 21:3-42; 1Chr 6:54-81
8
possession Gen 49:7; Exod 32:28-29; Deut 33:8-11; Josh 21:3
from them Num 26:54, Num 33:54; Exod 16:18; 2Cor 8:13-14
he inheriteth Heb. they inherit
10
Num 34:2; Lev 14:34, Lev 25:2; Deut 12:9, Deut 19:1-2
11
ye shall appoint As the goel, or kinsman, had a right to avenge the death of his relation, by slaying the murderer wherever he found him, the appointment of these cities was a humane institution for the protection of the involuntary homicide; for they were designed only for the protection of such Num 35:6; Josh 20:2
unawares Heb. by error, Num 35:22-23; Exod 21:13; Deut 4:42, Deut 19:4-5
12
from the avenger Num 35:19, Num 35:25-27; Deut 19:6; Josh 20:3-6, Josh 20:9; 2Sam 14:7
until he stand Num 35:24; Deut 19:11-12; Josh 20:4-6
13
six cities Num 35:6
14
three cities Deut 4:41-43, Deut 19:8-10; Josh 20:7-9
15
Num 15:16; Exod 12:49; Lev 24:22; Rom 3:29; Gal 3:28
16
if he smite Num 35:22-24; Deut 19:11-13
the Num 35:30-33; Gen 9:5-6; Exod 21:12-14; Lev 24:17
17
throwing a stone Heb. a stone of the hand, Exod 21:18
19
Num 35:12, Num 35:21, Num 35:24, Num 35:27; Deut 19:6, Deut 19:12; Josh 20:3, Josh 20:5
20
if he thrust Gen 4:5, Gen 4:8; 2Sam 3:27, 2Sam 13:22, 2Sam 13:28-29, 2Sam 20:10; 1Kgs 2:5-6, 1Kgs 2:31-33; Prov 26:24; Prov 28:17; Luke 4:29
by laying Exod 21:14; Deut 19:11; 1Sam 18:10-11, 1Sam 18:25, 1Sam 19:9-12, 1Sam 20:1, 1Sam 23:7-9, 1Sam 24:11; Ps 10:7-10, Ps 11:2, Ps 35:7-8, Ps 57:4-6; Prov 1:18-19; Mark 6:19, Mark 6:24-26; Acts 20:3, Acts 23:21
22
Num 35:11; Exod 21:13; Deut 19:5; Josh 20:3, Josh 20:5
24
Num 35:12; Josh 20:6
25
abide in it Num 35:28; Josh 20:6; Rom 3:24-26; Eph 2:16-18; Heb 4:14-16, Heb 7:25-28; Heb 9:12-15, Heb 10:19-22
anointed Exod 29:7; Lev 4:3, Lev 8:12, Lev 21:10
26
After the manslayer had been received into the city of refuge, the avenger of blood could only act as prosecutor; and the magistrates, in the presence of the people, were appointed to decide the cause according to the rules here laid down. Probably the accused person was tried at or near the place where the deceased had been slain, and where evidence could most easily be brought, and in case he was acquitted by the decision of the judges, and with the approbation of the people, he was conveyed back to the city of refuge, where he was protected as a kind of prisoner at large, till the death of the high priest; when the public loss, and the grief occasioned by it, might be supposed to swallow up all personal regrets and resentments, and then he was permitted to return to his house and estate. But if, in the mean while, he ventured to leave the city, and the avenger met him and slew him, he was supposed to merit his doom by thus neglecting the appointment of God for his preservation, and the avenger must not be punished. This shews that in other cases, if the avenger slew an innocent man on surmise, he was liable to the punishment of a murderer; but if, by the testimony of two credible witnesses, the man who had fled to the city of refuge was adjudged guilty, he must without fail be put to death.
27
he shall not be guilty of blood Heb. no blood shall be to him, Exod 22:2; Deut 19:6, Deut 19:10
28
he should John 15:4-6; Acts 11:23, Acts 27:31; Heb 3:14, Heb 6:4-8, Heb 10:26-30, Heb 10:39
after the death Heb 9:11-12, Heb 9:15-17
29
Num 27:1, Num 27:11
30
Deut 17:6-7, Deut 19:15; Matt 18:16; John 8:17-18; 2Cor 13:1; 1Tim 5:19; Heb 10:28; Rev 11:3
31
Moreover Gen 9:5-6; Exod 21:14; Deut 19:11-13; 2Sam 12:13; 1Kgs 2:28-34; Ps 51:14
guilty of death Heb. faulty to die
32
Acts 4:12; Gal 2:21, Gal 3:10-13, Gal 3:22; Rev 5:9; The region east of Jordan was nearly as long as that on the west, and therefore three cities were appointed in each division. One or other of these cities would be within half a day's journey of every part of the land; and as it would rarely happen that the avenger of blood would be on the spot, and none had a right to assault or detain the manslayer, at least if no malicious intention was manifest, the unhappy men would, therefore, get the start of their adversaries, and very few of them be overtaken before they gained the place of refuge. But then they must forsake their families, employments, most important interests, and dearest comforts; and they must neither loiter nor yield to weariness, nor regard difficulties, nor slacken their pace, till they had got safe within the walls of the city. The Jewish writers inform us, that to afford every facility to those who thus fled for their life, the road to these cities was always preserved in good repair; and way-posts, upon which was inscribed REFUGE were placed wherever needful, that they might not so much as hesitate for a moment.
33
it defileth Lev 18:25; Deut 21:1-8, Deut 21:23; 2Kgs 23:26, 2Kgs 24:4; Ps 106:28; Isa 26:21; Ezek 22:24-27; Hos 4:2-3; Mic 4:11; Matt 23:31-35; Luke 11:50-51
the land cannot be cleansed Heb. there can be no expiation for the land
34
Defile not Num 5:3; Lev 20:24-26
I dwell Ps 135:21; Isa 57:15; Hos 9:3; 2Cor 6:16-17; Rev 21:3, Rev 21:27
dwell among Num 5:3; Exod 25:8, Exod 29:45-46; 1Kgs 6:13; Ps 132:14; Isa 8:12
1
Num 22:1, Num 26:63, Num 31:12, Num 33:50, Num 36:13
2
Lev 25:32-33; Josh 14:3-4, Josh 21:2-42; Ezek 45:1-8, Ezek 48:8, Ezek 48:22; 1Cor 9:10-14
3
Josh 21:11; 2Chr 11:14; Ezek 45:2
4
thousand cubits The Septuagint reads δισχιλιους πηχεις "two thousand cubits," as in the following verse; but this reading is not acknowledged by any other ancient version, except the Coptic, nor by any of the manuscripts collated by Kennicott and De Rossi. Various modes have been proposed for reconciling the accounts in these two verses, which appear in general to require full as much explanation as the text itself. The explanation of Maimonides is the only one that is intelligible, and appears perfectly satisfactory. "The suburbs," says he, "of the cities are expressed in the law to be 3,000 cubits on every side, from the wall of the city and outwards. The first 1,000 cubits are the suburbs; and the 2,000, which they measured without the suburbs, were for fields and vineyards."
6
six cities for refuge Num 35:13-14; Deut 4:41-43; Josh 20:2-9, Josh 21:3, Josh 21:13, Josh 21:21, Josh 21:27, Josh 21:32, Josh 21:36, Josh 21:38; Ps 9:9; Ps 62:7-8, Ps 142:4-5; Isa 4:6; Matt 11:28; Heb 6:18
to them ye shall add Heb. above them ye shall give
7
Josh 21:3-42; 1Chr 6:54-81
8
possession Gen 49:7; Exod 32:28-29; Deut 33:8-11; Josh 21:3
from them Num 26:54, Num 33:54; Exod 16:18; 2Cor 8:13-14
he inheriteth Heb. they inherit
10
Num 34:2; Lev 14:34, Lev 25:2; Deut 12:9, Deut 19:1-2
11
ye shall appoint As the goel, or kinsman, had a right to avenge the death of his relation, by slaying the murderer wherever he found him, the appointment of these cities was a humane institution for the protection of the involuntary homicide; for they were designed only for the protection of such Num 35:6; Josh 20:2
unawares Heb. by error, Num 35:22-23; Exod 21:13; Deut 4:42, Deut 19:4-5
12
from the avenger Num 35:19, Num 35:25-27; Deut 19:6; Josh 20:3-6, Josh 20:9; 2Sam 14:7
until he stand Num 35:24; Deut 19:11-12; Josh 20:4-6
13
six cities Num 35:6
14
three cities Deut 4:41-43, Deut 19:8-10; Josh 20:7-9
15
Num 15:16; Exod 12:49; Lev 24:22; Rom 3:29; Gal 3:28
16
if he smite Num 35:22-24; Deut 19:11-13
the Num 35:30-33; Gen 9:5-6; Exod 21:12-14; Lev 24:17
17
throwing a stone Heb. a stone of the hand, Exod 21:18
19
Num 35:12, Num 35:21, Num 35:24, Num 35:27; Deut 19:6, Deut 19:12; Josh 20:3, Josh 20:5
20
if he thrust Gen 4:5, Gen 4:8; 2Sam 3:27, 2Sam 13:22, 2Sam 13:28-29, 2Sam 20:10; 1Kgs 2:5-6, 1Kgs 2:31-33; Prov 26:24; Prov 28:17; Luke 4:29
by laying Exod 21:14; Deut 19:11; 1Sam 18:10-11, 1Sam 18:25, 1Sam 19:9-12, 1Sam 20:1, 1Sam 23:7-9, 1Sam 24:11; Ps 10:7-10, Ps 11:2, Ps 35:7-8, Ps 57:4-6; Prov 1:18-19; Mark 6:19, Mark 6:24-26; Acts 20:3, Acts 23:21
22
Num 35:11; Exod 21:13; Deut 19:5; Josh 20:3, Josh 20:5
24
Num 35:12; Josh 20:6
25
abide in it Num 35:28; Josh 20:6; Rom 3:24-26; Eph 2:16-18; Heb 4:14-16, Heb 7:25-28; Heb 9:12-15, Heb 10:19-22
anointed Exod 29:7; Lev 4:3, Lev 8:12, Lev 21:10
26
After the manslayer had been received into the city of refuge, the avenger of blood could only act as prosecutor; and the magistrates, in the presence of the people, were appointed to decide the cause according to the rules here laid down. Probably the accused person was tried at or near the place where the deceased had been slain, and where evidence could most easily be brought, and in case he was acquitted by the decision of the judges, and with the approbation of the people, he was conveyed back to the city of refuge, where he was protected as a kind of prisoner at large, till the death of the high priest; when the public loss, and the grief occasioned by it, might be supposed to swallow up all personal regrets and resentments, and then he was permitted to return to his house and estate. But if, in the mean while, he ventured to leave the city, and the avenger met him and slew him, he was supposed to merit his doom by thus neglecting the appointment of God for his preservation, and the avenger must not be punished. This shews that in other cases, if the avenger slew an innocent man on surmise, he was liable to the punishment of a murderer; but if, by the testimony of two credible witnesses, the man who had fled to the city of refuge was adjudged guilty, he must without fail be put to death.
27
he shall not be guilty of blood Heb. no blood shall be to him, Exod 22:2; Deut 19:6, Deut 19:10
28
he should John 15:4-6; Acts 11:23, Acts 27:31; Heb 3:14, Heb 6:4-8, Heb 10:26-30, Heb 10:39
after the death Heb 9:11-12, Heb 9:15-17
29
Num 27:1, Num 27:11
30
Deut 17:6-7, Deut 19:15; Matt 18:16; John 8:17-18; 2Cor 13:1; 1Tim 5:19; Heb 10:28; Rev 11:3
31
Moreover Gen 9:5-6; Exod 21:14; Deut 19:11-13; 2Sam 12:13; 1Kgs 2:28-34; Ps 51:14
guilty of death Heb. faulty to die
32
Acts 4:12; Gal 2:21, Gal 3:10-13, Gal 3:22; Rev 5:9; The region east of Jordan was nearly as long as that on the west, and therefore three cities were appointed in each division. One or other of these cities would be within half a day's journey of every part of the land; and as it would rarely happen that the avenger of blood would be on the spot, and none had a right to assault or detain the manslayer, at least if no malicious intention was manifest, the unhappy men would, therefore, get the start of their adversaries, and very few of them be overtaken before they gained the place of refuge. But then they must forsake their families, employments, most important interests, and dearest comforts; and they must neither loiter nor yield to weariness, nor regard difficulties, nor slacken their pace, till they had got safe within the walls of the city. The Jewish writers inform us, that to afford every facility to those who thus fled for their life, the road to these cities was always preserved in good repair; and way-posts, upon which was inscribed REFUGE were placed wherever needful, that they might not so much as hesitate for a moment.
33
it defileth Lev 18:25; Deut 21:1-8, Deut 21:23; 2Kgs 23:26, 2Kgs 24:4; Ps 106:28; Isa 26:21; Ezek 22:24-27; Hos 4:2-3; Mic 4:11; Matt 23:31-35; Luke 11:50-51
the land cannot be cleansed Heb. there can be no expiation for the land
34
Defile not Num 5:3; Lev 20:24-26
I dwell Ps 135:21; Isa 57:15; Hos 9:3; 2Cor 6:16-17; Rev 21:3, Rev 21:27
dwell among Num 5:3; Exod 25:8, Exod 29:45-46; 1Kgs 6:13; Ps 132:14; Isa 8:12