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Chapter 1
1
wilderness Num 10:11-12; Exod 19:1; Lev 27:34
tabernacle Exod 25:22; Lev 1:1
on the first day As the tabernacle was erected on the first day of the first month, in the second year of their departure from Egypt (Exod 40:17), and this happened on the first day of the second month, in the same year, it is evident that the transactions related in the preceding book must all have taken place in the space of one month, and during the time the Israelites were encamped at mount Sinai. Num 9:1, Num 10:11; Exod 40:17; 1Kgs 6:1
2
Take ye the sum This numbering was probably intended to illustrate the Divine faithfulness in thus increasing the seed of Abraham; to prepare them to preserve due order in their march; and to distinguish the tribes and families. Num 26:2-4, Num 26:63-64; Exod 30:12, Exod 38:26; 2Sam 24:1-3; 1Chr 21:1-2, 1Chr 27:23-24
the children Gen 49:1-3; Exod 1:1-5
after Num 1:18, Num 1:22, Num 1:26-54; Exod 6:14-19
3
twenty Num 14:29, Num 32:11; Exod 30:14
able Num 26:2; Deut 3:18, Deut 24:5; 2Sam 24:9; 2Chr 17:13-18, 2Chr 26:11-13
by their Num 33:1; Exod 12:17
4
Num 1:16, Num 2:3-31, Num 7:10-83, Num 10:14-27, Num 13:2-15, Num 17:3, Num 25:4, Num 25:14, Num 34:18-28; Exod 18:25; Josh 22:14; 1Chr 27:1-22
5
Elizur Num 2:10, Num 7:30, Num 10:18; Gen 29:32-35, Gen 30:5-20, Gen 35:17-26, Gen 46:8-24, Gen 49:1-33; Exod 1:2-5; Deut 33:1-29; Rev 7:4-8
6
Shelumiel Num 2:12, Num 7:36
7
Nahshon Num 2:3, Num 7:12, Num 10:14; Ruth 4:18; 1Chr 2:10-11; Matt 1:2-5; Luke 3:32, Naasson
8
Nethaneel Num 2:5, Num 7:18, Num 10:15
9
Eliab Num 2:7, Num 7:24, Num 10:16
10
Elishama Num 2:18, Num 7:48, Num 10:22; 1Chr 7:26-27
Gamaliel Num 2:20, Num 7:54, Num 10:23
11
Abidan Num 2:22, Num 7:60, Num 10:24
12
Ahiezer Num 2:25, Num 7:66, Num 10:25
13
Pagiel Num 2:27, Num 7:72, Num 10:26
14
Eliasaph Num 7:42, Num 10:20, Son of Reuel, Num 2:14
Deuel As the γ, daleth is very like the ψ, resh, they might be easily mistaken for each other; and hence this person being called both Deuel and Reuel, may be easily accounted for. The Septuagint and Syriac have Reuel, in this chapter; and in Num 2:14, the Samaritan, Vulgate, and Arabic have Deuel, instead of Reuel, with which reading a vast number of manuscripts concur, and which is also supported by Num 7:42, Num 10:20. We may therefore safely conclude, the Deuel, and not Reuel, was the original reading.
15
Ahira Num 2:29, Num 7:78, Num 10:27
16
the renowned Keruey haâidah, literally "the called of the congregation," those who were summoned by name to attend. Num 2:3-31, Num 7:2, Num 7:10-83, Num 10:14-27, Num 11:17, Num 16:2, Num 26:9; Judg 6:15; 1Chr 27:16-22
heads Num 1:4; Exod 18:21, Exod 18:25; Deut 1:15; 1Sam 22:7, 1Sam 23:23; Mic 5:2
17
Num 1:5-15; John 10:3; Rev 7:4-17
18
their pedigrees Ezra 2:59; Neh 7:61; Heb 7:3, Heb 7:6 *marg.
by the Num 1:2
according Num 1:20-54
from twenty In this census no women were reckoned, nor children, nor minors, nor strangers, nor Levites, nor old men; which, collectively, must have formed an immense multitude; the Levites alone amounted to 22,300 men.
19
Num 1:2, Num 26:1-2; 2Sam 24:1-10
20
Num 2:10-11, Num 26:5-7; Gen 29:32, Gen 46:9, Gen 49:3-4; 1Chr 5:1
21
That a comparative view may be easily taken of the state of the tribes, we will here produce them, compared with that of the second census (Num 26:1), in their decreasing proportion, beginning with the greatest and proceeding to the least. Thus we find Judah the most populous tribe, and Manasseh the least so; the difference between them being as great as 42,000. Jacob had given Judah the pre-eminence in his prophetic blessing; and that tribe was to have the precedency in the encampments of Israel. Accordingly God had increased them more than any of their brethren. Ephraim and Manasseh, according to the same prophecy, were numbered as distinct tribes, Ephraim having the superiority, as it was foretold; and Joseph indeed appears "a fruitful bough."
Num 2:10-11, Num 26:7
22
Num 2:12-13, Num 26:12-14; Gen 29:33, Gen 34:25-30, Gen 42:24, Gen 46:10, Gen 49:5-6
23
Num 2:13, Num 25:8-9, Num 25:14, Num 26:14
24
The tribe of Gad marched, along with that of Simeon, under the standard of Reuben; and it seems, on that account, to have been introduced in this order. The other tribes also, are here classed together according to their encampments, and the order of their subsequent march.
Num 2:14-15, Num 26:15-18; Gen 30:10-11, Gen 46:16, Gen 49:19
25
Num 2:15, Num 26:18
26
Num 2:3-4, Num 26:19-22; Gen 29:35, Gen 46:12, Gen 49:8-12; 2Sam 24:9; 1Chr 5:2; 2Chr 17:14-16
27
Num 2:3-4, Num 26:22; 2Sam 24:9; 2Chr 17:14-16
28
Num 2:5-6, Num 23:23-25; Gen 30:18, Gen 46:13, Gen 49:14-15
29
Num 2:6, Num 26:25
30
Num 2:7-8, Num 26:26-27; Gen 30:20, Gen 46:14, Gen 49:13
31
Num 2:8, Num 26:27
32
Num 2:18-19, Num 26:35-37; Gen 30:24, Gen 37:1-36, Gen 39:1-23, Gen 46:20, Gen 48:1-22; Gen 49:22-26; Deut 33:17
33
the tribe Gen 48:5; Deut 33:17
were forty Num 2:19, Num 26:37
34
Manasseh Num 26:34; Gen 41:51, Gen 46:20, Gen 48:1, Gen 50:23; Deut 33:17; Josh 4:12, Josh 17:1; 1Chr 7:14; Rev 7:6
35
Num 2:21, Num 26:34; Gen 48:19-20
36
Gen 35:16-18, Gen 44:20, Gen 46:21, Gen 49:27
37
Num 2:23, Num 26:41; Judg 20:44-46; 2Chr 17:17
38
Gen 30:5-6, Gen 46:23, Gen 49:16-17
39
Num 2:26, Num 26:43
40
Gen 30:12-13, Gen 46:27, Gen 49:20
41
Num 2:28, Num 26:47
42
Naphtali Gen 30:7-8, Gen 46:24, Gen 49:21
43
Num 2:30, Num 26:50
44
Num 1:2-16, Num 26:64
46
What an astonishing increase from seventy persons who went down into Egypt about 215 years before, where they had latterly endured the greatest hardships! Such was the effect of God's promise, which cannot fail.
Num 2:32, Num 23:10, Num 26:51; Gen 12:2, Gen 13:16, Gen 15:5, Gen 17:6, Gen 22:17, Gen 26:3, Gen 28:14; Gen 46:3-4; Exod 12:37, Exod 38:26; Deut 10:22; 1Kgs 4:20; 2Sam 24:9; 1Chr 21:5; 2Chr 13:3, 2Chr 17:14-19; Heb 11:11-12; Rev 7:4-9
47
Num 1:3, Num 1:50, Num 2:33, Num 3:1-51, Num 4:1-49, Num 8:1-26, Num 26:57-62; 1Chr 6:1-81, 1Chr 21:6
49
Num 2:33, Num 26:62
50
thou shalt Num 3:1-10, Num 4:15, Num 4:25-33; Exod 31:18, Exod 32:26-29, Exod 38:21; 1Chr 23:1-32; 1Chr. 25:1-26:32; Ezra 8:25-30, Ezra 8:33-34; Neh 12:8, Neh 12:22, Neh 12:47, Neh 13:5, Neh 13:10-13, Neh 13:22
the tabernacle Num 1:53, Num 20:11; Exod 31:18, Exod 38:21; Ps 122:4
shall encamp Num 2:17, Num 3:23-38, Num 10:21
51
the Levites Num 4:5-33, Num 10:11, Num 10:17-21
the stranger Num 3:10, Num 3:38, Num 16:40, Num 18:22; Lev 22:10-13; 1Sam 6:19; 2Sam 6:7
52
Num 2:2, Num 2:34, Num 10:1-36, Num 24:2
53
shall pitch Num 1:50, Num 3:7, Num 18:3; 1Tim 4:13-16; 2Tim 4:2
there be Num 8:19, Num 16:46, Num 18:5; Lev 10:6; 1Sam 6:19; Jer 5:31, Jer 23:15; Acts 20:28-31
and the Num 3:7-8, Num 8:24-26, Num 18:3-5, Num 31:30, Num 31:47; 1Chr 23:32; 2Chr 13:10
54
Num 2:34; Exod 23:21-22, Exod 39:32, Exod 39:43, Exod 40:16, Exod 40:32; Deut 12:32; 1Sam 15:22; Matt 28:20
1
wilderness Num 10:11-12; Exod 19:1; Lev 27:34
tabernacle Exod 25:22; Lev 1:1
on the first day As the tabernacle was erected on the first day of the first month, in the second year of their departure from Egypt (Exod 40:17), and this happened on the first day of the second month, in the same year, it is evident that the transactions related in the preceding book must all have taken place in the space of one month, and during the time the Israelites were encamped at mount Sinai. Num 9:1, Num 10:11; Exod 40:17; 1Kgs 6:1
2
Take ye the sum This numbering was probably intended to illustrate the Divine faithfulness in thus increasing the seed of Abraham; to prepare them to preserve due order in their march; and to distinguish the tribes and families. Num 26:2-4, Num 26:63-64; Exod 30:12, Exod 38:26; 2Sam 24:1-3; 1Chr 21:1-2, 1Chr 27:23-24
the children Gen 49:1-3; Exod 1:1-5
after Num 1:18, Num 1:22, Num 1:26-54; Exod 6:14-19
3
twenty Num 14:29, Num 32:11; Exod 30:14
able Num 26:2; Deut 3:18, Deut 24:5; 2Sam 24:9; 2Chr 17:13-18, 2Chr 26:11-13
by their Num 33:1; Exod 12:17
4
Num 1:16, Num 2:3-31, Num 7:10-83, Num 10:14-27, Num 13:2-15, Num 17:3, Num 25:4, Num 25:14, Num 34:18-28; Exod 18:25; Josh 22:14; 1Chr 27:1-22
5
Elizur Num 2:10, Num 7:30, Num 10:18; Gen 29:32-35, Gen 30:5-20, Gen 35:17-26, Gen 46:8-24, Gen 49:1-33; Exod 1:2-5; Deut 33:1-29; Rev 7:4-8
6
Shelumiel Num 2:12, Num 7:36
7
Nahshon Num 2:3, Num 7:12, Num 10:14; Ruth 4:18; 1Chr 2:10-11; Matt 1:2-5; Luke 3:32, Naasson
8
Nethaneel Num 2:5, Num 7:18, Num 10:15
9
Eliab Num 2:7, Num 7:24, Num 10:16
10
Elishama Num 2:18, Num 7:48, Num 10:22; 1Chr 7:26-27
Gamaliel Num 2:20, Num 7:54, Num 10:23
11
Abidan Num 2:22, Num 7:60, Num 10:24
12
Ahiezer Num 2:25, Num 7:66, Num 10:25
13
Pagiel Num 2:27, Num 7:72, Num 10:26
14
Eliasaph Num 7:42, Num 10:20, Son of Reuel, Num 2:14
Deuel As the γ, daleth is very like the ψ, resh, they might be easily mistaken for each other; and hence this person being called both Deuel and Reuel, may be easily accounted for. The Septuagint and Syriac have Reuel, in this chapter; and in Num 2:14, the Samaritan, Vulgate, and Arabic have Deuel, instead of Reuel, with which reading a vast number of manuscripts concur, and which is also supported by Num 7:42, Num 10:20. We may therefore safely conclude, the Deuel, and not Reuel, was the original reading.
15
Ahira Num 2:29, Num 7:78, Num 10:27
16
the renowned Keruey haâidah, literally "the called of the congregation," those who were summoned by name to attend. Num 2:3-31, Num 7:2, Num 7:10-83, Num 10:14-27, Num 11:17, Num 16:2, Num 26:9; Judg 6:15; 1Chr 27:16-22
heads Num 1:4; Exod 18:21, Exod 18:25; Deut 1:15; 1Sam 22:7, 1Sam 23:23; Mic 5:2
17
Num 1:5-15; John 10:3; Rev 7:4-17
18
their pedigrees Ezra 2:59; Neh 7:61; Heb 7:3, Heb 7:6 *marg.
by the Num 1:2
according Num 1:20-54
from twenty In this census no women were reckoned, nor children, nor minors, nor strangers, nor Levites, nor old men; which, collectively, must have formed an immense multitude; the Levites alone amounted to 22,300 men.
19
Num 1:2, Num 26:1-2; 2Sam 24:1-10
20
Num 2:10-11, Num 26:5-7; Gen 29:32, Gen 46:9, Gen 49:3-4; 1Chr 5:1
21
That a comparative view may be easily taken of the state of the tribes, we will here produce them, compared with that of the second census (Num 26:1), in their decreasing proportion, beginning with the greatest and proceeding to the least. Thus we find Judah the most populous tribe, and Manasseh the least so; the difference between them being as great as 42,000. Jacob had given Judah the pre-eminence in his prophetic blessing; and that tribe was to have the precedency in the encampments of Israel. Accordingly God had increased them more than any of their brethren. Ephraim and Manasseh, according to the same prophecy, were numbered as distinct tribes, Ephraim having the superiority, as it was foretold; and Joseph indeed appears "a fruitful bough."
Num 2:10-11, Num 26:7
22
Num 2:12-13, Num 26:12-14; Gen 29:33, Gen 34:25-30, Gen 42:24, Gen 46:10, Gen 49:5-6
23
Num 2:13, Num 25:8-9, Num 25:14, Num 26:14
24
The tribe of Gad marched, along with that of Simeon, under the standard of Reuben; and it seems, on that account, to have been introduced in this order. The other tribes also, are here classed together according to their encampments, and the order of their subsequent march.
Num 2:14-15, Num 26:15-18; Gen 30:10-11, Gen 46:16, Gen 49:19
25
Num 2:15, Num 26:18
26
Num 2:3-4, Num 26:19-22; Gen 29:35, Gen 46:12, Gen 49:8-12; 2Sam 24:9; 1Chr 5:2; 2Chr 17:14-16
27
Num 2:3-4, Num 26:22; 2Sam 24:9; 2Chr 17:14-16
28
Num 2:5-6, Num 23:23-25; Gen 30:18, Gen 46:13, Gen 49:14-15
29
Num 2:6, Num 26:25
30
Num 2:7-8, Num 26:26-27; Gen 30:20, Gen 46:14, Gen 49:13
31
Num 2:8, Num 26:27
32
Num 2:18-19, Num 26:35-37; Gen 30:24, Gen 37:1-36, Gen 39:1-23, Gen 46:20, Gen 48:1-22; Gen 49:22-26; Deut 33:17
33
the tribe Gen 48:5; Deut 33:17
were forty Num 2:19, Num 26:37
34
Manasseh Num 26:34; Gen 41:51, Gen 46:20, Gen 48:1, Gen 50:23; Deut 33:17; Josh 4:12, Josh 17:1; 1Chr 7:14; Rev 7:6
35
Num 2:21, Num 26:34; Gen 48:19-20
36
Gen 35:16-18, Gen 44:20, Gen 46:21, Gen 49:27
37
Num 2:23, Num 26:41; Judg 20:44-46; 2Chr 17:17
38
Gen 30:5-6, Gen 46:23, Gen 49:16-17
39
Num 2:26, Num 26:43
40
Gen 30:12-13, Gen 46:27, Gen 49:20
41
Num 2:28, Num 26:47
42
Naphtali Gen 30:7-8, Gen 46:24, Gen 49:21
43
Num 2:30, Num 26:50
44
Num 1:2-16, Num 26:64
46
What an astonishing increase from seventy persons who went down into Egypt about 215 years before, where they had latterly endured the greatest hardships! Such was the effect of God's promise, which cannot fail.
Num 2:32, Num 23:10, Num 26:51; Gen 12:2, Gen 13:16, Gen 15:5, Gen 17:6, Gen 22:17, Gen 26:3, Gen 28:14; Gen 46:3-4; Exod 12:37, Exod 38:26; Deut 10:22; 1Kgs 4:20; 2Sam 24:9; 1Chr 21:5; 2Chr 13:3, 2Chr 17:14-19; Heb 11:11-12; Rev 7:4-9
47
Num 1:3, Num 1:50, Num 2:33, Num 3:1-51, Num 4:1-49, Num 8:1-26, Num 26:57-62; 1Chr 6:1-81, 1Chr 21:6
49
Num 2:33, Num 26:62
50
thou shalt Num 3:1-10, Num 4:15, Num 4:25-33; Exod 31:18, Exod 32:26-29, Exod 38:21; 1Chr 23:1-32; 1Chr. 25:1-26:32; Ezra 8:25-30, Ezra 8:33-34; Neh 12:8, Neh 12:22, Neh 12:47, Neh 13:5, Neh 13:10-13, Neh 13:22
the tabernacle Num 1:53, Num 20:11; Exod 31:18, Exod 38:21; Ps 122:4
shall encamp Num 2:17, Num 3:23-38, Num 10:21
51
the Levites Num 4:5-33, Num 10:11, Num 10:17-21
the stranger Num 3:10, Num 3:38, Num 16:40, Num 18:22; Lev 22:10-13; 1Sam 6:19; 2Sam 6:7
52
Num 2:2, Num 2:34, Num 10:1-36, Num 24:2
53
shall pitch Num 1:50, Num 3:7, Num 18:3; 1Tim 4:13-16; 2Tim 4:2
there be Num 8:19, Num 16:46, Num 18:5; Lev 10:6; 1Sam 6:19; Jer 5:31, Jer 23:15; Acts 20:28-31
and the Num 3:7-8, Num 8:24-26, Num 18:3-5, Num 31:30, Num 31:47; 1Chr 23:32; 2Chr 13:10
54
Num 2:34; Exod 23:21-22, Exod 39:32, Exod 39:43, Exod 40:16, Exod 40:32; Deut 12:32; 1Sam 15:22; Matt 28:20