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Chapter 4
2
through Lev 5:15, Lev 5:17; Num 15:22-29; Deut 19:4; 1Sam 14:27; Ps 19:12; 1Tim 1:13; Heb 5:2, Heb 9:7
which ought Lev 4:27; Gen 20:9; Jas 3:10
3
the priest Lev 8:12, Lev 21:10-12; Exod 29:7, Exod 29:21
a young bullock Lev 4:14, Lev 9:2, Lev 16:6, Lev 16:11; Ezek 43:19
for a sin Lev 5:6; Exod 29:14, Exod 30:10; Num 8:8; Ezra 8:35; Rom 8:3; 2Cor 5:21; Heb 5:3; Heb 7:27-28
4
bring Lev 1:3; Exod 29:10-11
lay his hand Lev 1:4, Lev 16:21; Isa 53:6; Dan 9:26; 1Pet 3:18
5
Lev 4:16-17, Lev 16:14, Lev 16:19; Num 19:4; 1John 1:7
6
dip Lev 4:17, Lev 4:25, Lev 4:30, Lev 4:34, Lev 8:15, Lev 9:9, Lev 16:14, Lev 16:19; Num 19:4
seven times The number seven is what is called a number of perfection among the Hebrews; and is often used to denote the completion, fulness, or perfection of a thing. Lev 14:16, Lev 14:18, Lev 14:27, Lev 25:8, Lev 26:18, Lev 26:24, Lev 26:28; Josh 6:4, Josh 6:8
7
the horns Lev 8:15, Lev 9:9, Lev 16:18; Exod 30:1-10; Ps 118:27; Heb 9:21-25
all the blood Lev 4:18, Lev 4:34, Lev 5:9, Lev 8:15; Eph 2:13
8
Lev 4:19, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:31, Lev 4:35, Lev 3:3-5, Lev 3:9-11, Lev 3:14-16, Lev 7:3-5, Lev 16:25; Isa 53:10; John 12:27
10
peace offerings Lev 23:19; Ps 32:1; 1Tim 2:5-6
11
Lev 4:21, Lev 6:30, Lev 8:14-17, Lev 9:8-11, Lev 16:27; Exod 29:14; Num 19:5; Ps 103:12; Heb 13:11-13
12
without the camp Heb. to without the camp, This was intended, figuratively, to express the enormity of this sin, and the availableness of the atonement. The sacrifice, as having the sin of the priest transferred from himself to it, by his confession and imposition of hands, was become unclean and abominable, and was carried, as it were, out of God's sight; and thus its own offensiveness was removed, with the sin of the person in whose behalf it was offered. Lev 13:46; Num 5:3, Num 15:35, Num 19:3
the ashes Lev 6:10-11
burn him Exod 29:14; Num 19:5; Heb 13:11
where the ashes are poured out Heb. at the pouring out of the ashes
13
the whole congregation This may refer to some oversight in acts of religious worship, or to some transgression of the letter of the law, which arose out of the peculiar circumstances in which they were found, as in the case mentioned in 1Sam 14:32, et seq. The sacrifices and rites in this case were the same as in the preceding; only here the elders laid their hands on the head of the victim, in the name of all the congregation.
through ignorance Lev 4:1-2, Lev 5:2-5, Lev 5:17; Num 15:24-29; Josh 7:11, Josh 7:24-26; 1Tim 1:13; Heb 10:26-29
and are guilty Lev 5:2-5, Lev 5:17, Lev 6:4; Ezra 10:19; Hos 5:15 *marg. 1Cor 11:27
14
young bullock Lev 4:3
15
the elders Exod 24:1, Exod 24:9; Num 11:16, Num 11:25; Deut 21:3-9
lay Lev 4:4, Lev 1:4, Lev 16:21
16
Lev 4:5-12; Heb 9:12-14
17
Lev 4:6-7
18
upon the Lev 4:7
and shall pour out The reason for pouring out the blood, which is so constantly and strictly required by the law, was in opposition to an idolatrous custom of the ancient Zabii, who "were accustomed to eat of the blood of their sacrifices, because they imagined this to be the food of their gods, with whom they thought they had such communion, by eating their meat, that they revealed to them future things." - Maimonides
19
Lev 4:8-10, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:31, Lev 4:35, Lev 5:6, Lev 6:7, Lev 12:8, Lev 14:18; Num 15:25; Ps 22:14; Heb 1:3; Heb 9:14
20
with the Lev 4:3
an atonement Lev 4:26, Lev 1:4, Lev 5:6, Lev 6:7, Lev 12:8, Lev 14:18; Exod 32:30; Num 15:25; Dan 9:24; Rom 5:11; Gal 3:13; Heb 1:3, Heb 2:17, Heb 9:14, Heb 10:10-12; 1John 1:7, 1John 2:2; Rev 1:5
21
as he Lev 4:11-12
a sin offering Lev 16:15, Lev 16:21; 2Chr 29:21-24; Ezra 8:35; Matt 20:28; 2Cor 5:21; 1Tim 2:5-6
22
a ruler hath sinned Under the term nasi, that is, one preferred or elevated above others, from nasa, to exalt, it is probable that any person is meant who held any kind of political dignity among the people; and it evidently means the head of a tribe as in Num 1:4, Num 1:16; Num 7:2. But the Rabbins generally understand it of the prince of the great sanhedrin, who, when they were under the regal form of government, was the king. A kid of the goats was the sacrifice in this case; and the rites were nearly the same as in the preceding, only the fat was burnt as that of the peace offering (Lev 4:26). Exod 18:21; Num 16:2; 2Sam 21:1-3, 2Sam 24:10-17
and done Lev 4:2, Lev 4:13
23
if his sin Lev 4:14, Lev 5:4; 2Kgs 22:10-13
a kid Lev 9:3, Lev 23:19; Num 7:16, Num 7:22, Num 7:28, Num 7:34, Num 15:24, Num 28:15, Num 28:30, Num 29:5, Num 29:11, Num 29:16, Num 29:19; Rom 8:3
24
And he Lev 4:4-35; Isa 53:6
in the place Lev 1:5, Lev 1:11, Lev 3:2, Lev 3:8, Lev 3:13, Lev 4:4, Lev 4:15, Lev 4:29, Lev 4:33, Lev 6:25, Lev 7:2, Lev 16:15; Exod 29:38
it is a sin Lev 4:3, Lev 4:21, Lev 4:31, Lev 4:35
25
put Lev 4:7, Lev 4:18, Lev 4:30, Lev 4:34, Lev 8:10, Lev 8:15, Lev 9:9, Lev 16:18; Isa 40:21; Rom 3:24-26, Rom 8:3-4, Rom 10:4; Heb 2:10, Heb 9:22
26
the fat Lev 4:8-10, Lev 4:35, See note on Lev 3:5. Lev 6:20-30
an atonement Lev 4:20; Num 15:28
27
any one Heb. any soul, Lev 4:2; Num 15:27
common people Heb. people of the land , Amos haaretz; that is, any individual who was not a priest, king, or ruler among the people; an ordinary person. Any of these having transgressed, was obliged to bring a lamb or kid, the ceremonies being nearly the same as in the preceding cases. Lev 4:2, Lev 4:13; Exod 12:49; Num 5:6, Num 15:16, Num 15:29
28
a kid Lev 4:23, Lev 4:32, Lev 5:6; Gen 3:15; Isa 7:14; Jer 31:22; Rom 8:3; Gal 4:4-5
a female Lev 4:23; Gal 3:28
29
Lev 4:4, Lev 4:15, Lev 4:24, Lev 4:33; Heb 10:4-14
30
upon the horns Lev 4:25, Lev 4:34; Isa 42:21; Rom 8:3-4, Rom 10:4; Heb 2:10
pour out There may have been some place at the bottom of the altar to receive and carry off the blood.
31
all the fat Lev 4:8-10, Lev 4:19, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:35, Lev 3:3-5, Lev 3:9-11, Lev 3:14-16
a sweet Lev 1:9, Lev 1:13, Lev 1:17, Lev 3:3, Lev 3:5, Lev 8:21; Exod 29:18; Ezra 6:10; Job 42:8; Ps 40:6-7; Ps 51:16-17, Ps 69:30-31; Isa 42:21, Isa 53:10; Matt 3:17; Eph 5:2; Heb 1:3; Heb 9:12, Heb 9:14-15, Heb 10:12, Heb 10:14; 1Pet 2:4-5; 1John 1:7, 1John 4:9-10; Rev 5:9
and the priest Lev 4:26, Lev 4:35
32
a lamb Lev 4:28, Lev 3:6-7, Lev 5:6; Exod 12:3, Exod 12:5; Isa 53:7; Luke 1:35; John 1:29, John 1:36; Heb 7:26; 1Pet 1:18-20, 1Pet 2:22, 1Pet 2:24, 1Pet 3:18; Rev 5:6, Rev 5:8-9
without blemish Lev 4:28; Eph 5:27; Heb 9:14; 1Pet 2:22, 1Pet 3:18
33
Lev 4:4, Lev 4:29-31
34
the horns of the altar Lev 4:25, Lev 4:30; Isa 42:21; John 17:19; Rom 8:1, Rom 8:3, Rom 10:4; 2Cor 5:21; Heb 2:10; Heb 10:29; 1Pet 1:18-20, 1Pet 2:24, 1Pet 3:18
35
And he Lev 4:31
according Lev. 1:1-6:19
and the priest shall make Lev 4:20, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:30-31, Lev 1:4, Lev 5:6, Lev 5:10, Lev 5:13, Lev 6:7, Lev 9:7, Lev 12:8, Lev 14:18, Lev 14:53, Lev 16:1-34; Num 15:25; Rom 3:24-26, Rom 4:25, Rom 5:6-11, Rom 5:15-21, Rom 8:1, Rom 8:3-4, Rom 10:4; 2Cor 5:21; Eph 1:6-7, Eph 5:2; Col 1:14; Heb 1:3, Heb 4:14, Heb 7:26, Heb 9:14; 1Pet 1:18-19; 1Pet 2:22, 1Pet 2:24, 1Pet 3:18; 1John 1:7, 1John 2:2, 1John 4:9-10; Rev 1:5-6
2
through Lev 5:15, Lev 5:17; Num 15:22-29; Deut 19:4; 1Sam 14:27; Ps 19:12; 1Tim 1:13; Heb 5:2, Heb 9:7
which ought Lev 4:27; Gen 20:9; Jas 3:10
3
the priest Lev 8:12, Lev 21:10-12; Exod 29:7, Exod 29:21
a young bullock Lev 4:14, Lev 9:2, Lev 16:6, Lev 16:11; Ezek 43:19
for a sin Lev 5:6; Exod 29:14, Exod 30:10; Num 8:8; Ezra 8:35; Rom 8:3; 2Cor 5:21; Heb 5:3; Heb 7:27-28
4
bring Lev 1:3; Exod 29:10-11
lay his hand Lev 1:4, Lev 16:21; Isa 53:6; Dan 9:26; 1Pet 3:18
5
Lev 4:16-17, Lev 16:14, Lev 16:19; Num 19:4; 1John 1:7
6
dip Lev 4:17, Lev 4:25, Lev 4:30, Lev 4:34, Lev 8:15, Lev 9:9, Lev 16:14, Lev 16:19; Num 19:4
seven times The number seven is what is called a number of perfection among the Hebrews; and is often used to denote the completion, fulness, or perfection of a thing. Lev 14:16, Lev 14:18, Lev 14:27, Lev 25:8, Lev 26:18, Lev 26:24, Lev 26:28; Josh 6:4, Josh 6:8
7
the horns Lev 8:15, Lev 9:9, Lev 16:18; Exod 30:1-10; Ps 118:27; Heb 9:21-25
all the blood Lev 4:18, Lev 4:34, Lev 5:9, Lev 8:15; Eph 2:13
8
Lev 4:19, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:31, Lev 4:35, Lev 3:3-5, Lev 3:9-11, Lev 3:14-16, Lev 7:3-5, Lev 16:25; Isa 53:10; John 12:27
10
peace offerings Lev 23:19; Ps 32:1; 1Tim 2:5-6
11
Lev 4:21, Lev 6:30, Lev 8:14-17, Lev 9:8-11, Lev 16:27; Exod 29:14; Num 19:5; Ps 103:12; Heb 13:11-13
12
without the camp Heb. to without the camp, This was intended, figuratively, to express the enormity of this sin, and the availableness of the atonement. The sacrifice, as having the sin of the priest transferred from himself to it, by his confession and imposition of hands, was become unclean and abominable, and was carried, as it were, out of God's sight; and thus its own offensiveness was removed, with the sin of the person in whose behalf it was offered. Lev 13:46; Num 5:3, Num 15:35, Num 19:3
the ashes Lev 6:10-11
burn him Exod 29:14; Num 19:5; Heb 13:11
where the ashes are poured out Heb. at the pouring out of the ashes
13
the whole congregation This may refer to some oversight in acts of religious worship, or to some transgression of the letter of the law, which arose out of the peculiar circumstances in which they were found, as in the case mentioned in 1Sam 14:32, et seq. The sacrifices and rites in this case were the same as in the preceding; only here the elders laid their hands on the head of the victim, in the name of all the congregation.
through ignorance Lev 4:1-2, Lev 5:2-5, Lev 5:17; Num 15:24-29; Josh 7:11, Josh 7:24-26; 1Tim 1:13; Heb 10:26-29
and are guilty Lev 5:2-5, Lev 5:17, Lev 6:4; Ezra 10:19; Hos 5:15 *marg. 1Cor 11:27
14
young bullock Lev 4:3
15
the elders Exod 24:1, Exod 24:9; Num 11:16, Num 11:25; Deut 21:3-9
lay Lev 4:4, Lev 1:4, Lev 16:21
16
Lev 4:5-12; Heb 9:12-14
17
Lev 4:6-7
18
upon the Lev 4:7
and shall pour out The reason for pouring out the blood, which is so constantly and strictly required by the law, was in opposition to an idolatrous custom of the ancient Zabii, who "were accustomed to eat of the blood of their sacrifices, because they imagined this to be the food of their gods, with whom they thought they had such communion, by eating their meat, that they revealed to them future things." - Maimonides
19
Lev 4:8-10, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:31, Lev 4:35, Lev 5:6, Lev 6:7, Lev 12:8, Lev 14:18; Num 15:25; Ps 22:14; Heb 1:3; Heb 9:14
20
with the Lev 4:3
an atonement Lev 4:26, Lev 1:4, Lev 5:6, Lev 6:7, Lev 12:8, Lev 14:18; Exod 32:30; Num 15:25; Dan 9:24; Rom 5:11; Gal 3:13; Heb 1:3, Heb 2:17, Heb 9:14, Heb 10:10-12; 1John 1:7, 1John 2:2; Rev 1:5
21
as he Lev 4:11-12
a sin offering Lev 16:15, Lev 16:21; 2Chr 29:21-24; Ezra 8:35; Matt 20:28; 2Cor 5:21; 1Tim 2:5-6
22
a ruler hath sinned Under the term nasi, that is, one preferred or elevated above others, from nasa, to exalt, it is probable that any person is meant who held any kind of political dignity among the people; and it evidently means the head of a tribe as in Num 1:4, Num 1:16; Num 7:2. But the Rabbins generally understand it of the prince of the great sanhedrin, who, when they were under the regal form of government, was the king. A kid of the goats was the sacrifice in this case; and the rites were nearly the same as in the preceding, only the fat was burnt as that of the peace offering (Lev 4:26). Exod 18:21; Num 16:2; 2Sam 21:1-3, 2Sam 24:10-17
and done Lev 4:2, Lev 4:13
23
if his sin Lev 4:14, Lev 5:4; 2Kgs 22:10-13
a kid Lev 9:3, Lev 23:19; Num 7:16, Num 7:22, Num 7:28, Num 7:34, Num 15:24, Num 28:15, Num 28:30, Num 29:5, Num 29:11, Num 29:16, Num 29:19; Rom 8:3
24
And he Lev 4:4-35; Isa 53:6
in the place Lev 1:5, Lev 1:11, Lev 3:2, Lev 3:8, Lev 3:13, Lev 4:4, Lev 4:15, Lev 4:29, Lev 4:33, Lev 6:25, Lev 7:2, Lev 16:15; Exod 29:38
it is a sin Lev 4:3, Lev 4:21, Lev 4:31, Lev 4:35
25
put Lev 4:7, Lev 4:18, Lev 4:30, Lev 4:34, Lev 8:10, Lev 8:15, Lev 9:9, Lev 16:18; Isa 40:21; Rom 3:24-26, Rom 8:3-4, Rom 10:4; Heb 2:10, Heb 9:22
26
the fat Lev 4:8-10, Lev 4:35, See note on Lev 3:5. Lev 6:20-30
an atonement Lev 4:20; Num 15:28
27
any one Heb. any soul, Lev 4:2; Num 15:27
common people Heb. people of the land , Amos haaretz; that is, any individual who was not a priest, king, or ruler among the people; an ordinary person. Any of these having transgressed, was obliged to bring a lamb or kid, the ceremonies being nearly the same as in the preceding cases. Lev 4:2, Lev 4:13; Exod 12:49; Num 5:6, Num 15:16, Num 15:29
28
a kid Lev 4:23, Lev 4:32, Lev 5:6; Gen 3:15; Isa 7:14; Jer 31:22; Rom 8:3; Gal 4:4-5
a female Lev 4:23; Gal 3:28
29
Lev 4:4, Lev 4:15, Lev 4:24, Lev 4:33; Heb 10:4-14
30
upon the horns Lev 4:25, Lev 4:34; Isa 42:21; Rom 8:3-4, Rom 10:4; Heb 2:10
pour out There may have been some place at the bottom of the altar to receive and carry off the blood.
31
all the fat Lev 4:8-10, Lev 4:19, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:35, Lev 3:3-5, Lev 3:9-11, Lev 3:14-16
a sweet Lev 1:9, Lev 1:13, Lev 1:17, Lev 3:3, Lev 3:5, Lev 8:21; Exod 29:18; Ezra 6:10; Job 42:8; Ps 40:6-7; Ps 51:16-17, Ps 69:30-31; Isa 42:21, Isa 53:10; Matt 3:17; Eph 5:2; Heb 1:3; Heb 9:12, Heb 9:14-15, Heb 10:12, Heb 10:14; 1Pet 2:4-5; 1John 1:7, 1John 4:9-10; Rev 5:9
and the priest Lev 4:26, Lev 4:35
32
a lamb Lev 4:28, Lev 3:6-7, Lev 5:6; Exod 12:3, Exod 12:5; Isa 53:7; Luke 1:35; John 1:29, John 1:36; Heb 7:26; 1Pet 1:18-20, 1Pet 2:22, 1Pet 2:24, 1Pet 3:18; Rev 5:6, Rev 5:8-9
without blemish Lev 4:28; Eph 5:27; Heb 9:14; 1Pet 2:22, 1Pet 3:18
33
Lev 4:4, Lev 4:29-31
34
the horns of the altar Lev 4:25, Lev 4:30; Isa 42:21; John 17:19; Rom 8:1, Rom 8:3, Rom 10:4; 2Cor 5:21; Heb 2:10; Heb 10:29; 1Pet 1:18-20, 1Pet 2:24, 1Pet 3:18
35
And he Lev 4:31
according Lev. 1:1-6:19
and the priest shall make Lev 4:20, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:30-31, Lev 1:4, Lev 5:6, Lev 5:10, Lev 5:13, Lev 6:7, Lev 9:7, Lev 12:8, Lev 14:18, Lev 14:53, Lev 16:1-34; Num 15:25; Rom 3:24-26, Rom 4:25, Rom 5:6-11, Rom 5:15-21, Rom 8:1, Rom 8:3-4, Rom 10:4; 2Cor 5:21; Eph 1:6-7, Eph 5:2; Col 1:14; Heb 1:3, Heb 4:14, Heb 7:26, Heb 9:14; 1Pet 1:18-19; 1Pet 2:22, 1Pet 2:24, 1Pet 3:18; 1John 1:7, 1John 2:2, 1John 4:9-10; Rev 1:5-6